NAVIGATION
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NAVIGATION
Principality of Andorra
Principat d'Andorra
INTRODUCTION
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Background:
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For 715 years, from 1278 to 1993, Andorrans lived under a unique co-principality, ruled by the French chief of state and the Spanish bishop of Urgel. In 1993, this feudal system was modified with the titular heads of state retained, but the government transformed into a parliamentary democracy. Long isolated and impoverished, mountainous Andorra achieved considerable prosperity since World War II through its tourist industry. Many immigrants (legal and illegal) are attracted to the thriving economy with its lack of income taxes. |
GEOGRAPHY
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Location:
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Southwestern Europe, between France and Spain |
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Geographic coordinates:
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42 30 N, 1 30 E |
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Map references:
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Europe |
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Area:
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total: 468 sq km
water: 0 sq km land: 468 sq km |
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Area - comparative:
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2.5 times the size of Washington, DC |
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Land boundaries:
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total: 120.3 km
border countries: France 56.6 km, Spain 63.7 km |
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Coastline:
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0 km (landlocked) |
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Maritime claims:
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none (landlocked) |
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Climate:
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temperate; snowy, cold winters and warm, dry summers |
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Terrain:
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rugged mountains dissected by narrow valleys |
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Elevation extremes:
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lowest point: Riu Runer 840 m
highest point: Coma Pedrosa 2,946 m |
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Natural resources:
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hydropower, mineral water, timber, iron ore, lead |
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Land use:
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arable land: 2.22%
permanent crops: 0% other: 97.78% (1998 est.) |
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Irrigated land:
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NA sq km |
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Natural hazards:
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avalanches |
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Environment - current issues:
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deforestation; overgrazing of mountain meadows contributes to soil erosion; air pollution; wastewater treatment and solid waste disposal |
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Environment - international agreements:
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party to: Hazardous Wastes
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
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Geography - note:
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landlocked; straddles a number of important crossroads in the Pyrenees |
PEOPLE
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Population:
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68,403 (July 2002 est.) |
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Age structure:
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0-14 years: 15.2% (male 5,456; female 4,951)
15-64 years: 71.9% (male 25,855; female 23,311) 65 years and over: 12.9% (male 4,425; female 4,405) (2002 est.) |
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Population growth rate:
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1.11% (2002 est.) |
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Birth rate:
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9.97 births/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
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Death rate:
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5.57 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
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Net migration rate:
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6.74 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
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Sex ratio:
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at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.1 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.11 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1 male(s)/female total population: 1.09 male(s)/female (2002 est.) |
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Infant mortality rate:
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4.07 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.) |
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Life expectancy at birth:
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total population: 83.48 years
female: 86.58 years (2002 est.) male: 80.58 years |
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Total fertility rate:
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1.26 children born/woman (2002 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
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NA% |
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HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
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NA |
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HIV/AIDS - deaths:
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NA |
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Nationality:
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noun: Andorran(s)
adjective: Andorran |
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Ethnic groups:
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Spanish 43%, Andorran 33%, Portuguese 11%, French 7%, other 6% (1998) |
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Religions:
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Roman Catholic (predominant) |
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Languages:
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Catalan (official), French, Castilian, Portuguese |
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Literacy:
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definition: NA
total population: 100% male: NA% female: NA% |