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Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bosna i Hercegovina


 
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© 1996-2006
Bob Starkgraf

COMMUNICATIONS

Telephones - main lines in use:
303,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular:
9,000 (1997)
Telephone system:
general assessment: telephone and telegraph network needs modernization and expansion; many urban areas are below average as contrasted with services in other former Yugoslav republics
domestic: NA
international: no satellite earth stations
Radio broadcast stations:
AM 8, FM 16, shortwave 1 (1998)
Radios:
940,000 (1997)
Television broadcast stations:
33 (plus 277 repeaters) (September 1995)
Televisions:
NA
Internet country code:
.ba
Internet Service Providers (ISPs):
3 (2000)
Internet users:
45,000 (2002)
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TRANSPORTATION

Railways:
total: 1,021 km (795 km electrified; operating as diesel or steam until grids are repaired)
standard gauge: 1,021 km 1.435-m gauge; note - many segments still need repair and/or reconstruction because of war damage (2000 est.)
Highways:
total: 21,846 km
paved: 14,020 km
note: road system is in need of maintenance and repair (2001)
unpaved: 7,826 km
Waterways:
NA km; large sections of the Sava blocked by downed bridges, silt, and debris
Pipelines:
crude oil 174 km; natural gas 90 km (1992)
Ports and harbors:
Bosanska Gradiska, Bosanski Brod, Bosanski Samac, and Brcko (all inland waterway ports on the Sava), Orasje
Merchant marine:
none (2002 est.)
Airports:
27 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways:
total: 8
2,438 to 3,047 m: 4
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
under 914 m: 3 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways:
total: 19
under 914 m: 11 (2002)
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 7
Heliports:
5 (2002)
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MILITARY

Military branches:
VF Army (the air and air defense forces are subordinate commands within the Army), VRS Army (the air and air defense forces are subordinate commands within the Army)
Military manpower - military age:
19 years of age (2002 est.)
Military manpower - availability:
males age 15-49: 1,131,537 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service:
males age 15-49: 898,117 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually:
males: 29,757 (2002 est.)
Military expenditures - dollar figure:
$NA
Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
NA%
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TRANSNATIONAL ISSUES

Disputes - international:
Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia and Montenegro have delimited about half of their boundary, but several segments, particularly along the meandering Drina River, remain in dispute; discussions continue with Croatia on the disputed boundary in the Una River near Kostajnica, Hrvatska Dubica, and Zeljava; protests Croatian claim to the tip of the Klek Peninsula and several islands near Neum
Illicit drugs:
minor transit point for marijuana and opiate trafficking routes to Western Europe; organized crime launders money, but the lack of a well-developed financial infrastructure limits the country's utility as a money-laundering center
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