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NAVIGATION
Kingdom of Cambodia
Preahreacheanachakr Kampuchea
GOVERNMENT
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Country name:
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conventional long form: Kingdom of Cambodia
conventional short form: Cambodia local short form: Kampuchea local long form: Preahreacheanachakr Kampuchea former: Khmer Republic, Kampuchea Republic |
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Government type:
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multiparty democracy under a constitutional monarchy established in September 1993 |
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Capital:
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Phnom Penh |
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Administrative divisions:
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20 provinces (khett, singular and plural) and 4 municipalities* (krong, singular and plural); Banteay Mean Cheay, Batdambang, Kampong Cham, Kampong Chhnang, Kampong Spoe, Kampong Thum, Kampot, Kandal, Kaoh Kong, Keb*, Kracheh, Mondol Kiri, Otdar Mean Cheay, Pailin*, Phnum Penh*, Pouthisat, Preah Seihanu* (Sihanoukville), Preah Vihear, Prey Veng, Rotanah Kiri, Siem Reab, Stoeng Treng, Svay Rieng, Takev |
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Independence:
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9 November 1953 (from France) |
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National holiday:
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Independence Day, 9 November (1953) |
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Constitution:
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promulgated 21 September 1993 |
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Legal system:
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primarily a civil law mixture of French-influenced codes from the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) period, royal decrees, and acts of the legislature, with influences of customary law and remnants of communist legal theory; increasing influence of common law in recent years |
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Suffrage:
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18 years of age; universal |
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Executive branch:
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chief of state: King Norodom SIHANOUK (reinstated 24 September 1993)
head of government: Prime Minister HUN SEN (since 30 November 1998) and Deputy Prime Ministers SAR KHENG (since NA) and TOL LAH (since NA) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch elections: none; the monarch is chosen by a Royal Throne Council; following legislative elections, a member of the majority party or majority coalition is named prime minister by the Chairman of the National Assembly and apppointed by the king |
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Legislative branch:
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bicameral consists of the National Assembly (122 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and the Senate (61 seats; two members appointed by the monarch, two elected by the National Assembly, and 57 elected by "functional constituencies"; members serve five-year terms)
elections: National Assembly - last held 26 July 1998 (next to be held NA July 2003); Senate - last held 2 March 1999 (next to be held NA 2004) election results: National Assembly - percent of vote by party - CPP 41%, FUNCINPEC 32%, SRP 14%, other 13%; seats by party - CPP 64, FUNCINPEC 43, SRP 15; Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - CPP 31, FUNCINPEC 21, SRP 7, other 2 |
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Judicial branch:
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Supreme Council of the Magistracy (provided for in the constitution and formed in December 1997); Supreme Court (and lower courts) exercises judicial authority |
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Political parties and leaders:
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Buddhist Liberal Party or BLP [IENG MOULY]; Cambodian Pracheachon Party or Cambodian People's Party or CPP [CHEA SIM]; Khmer Citizen Party or KCP [NGUON SOEUR]; National United Front for an Independent, Neutral, Peaceful, and Cooperative Cambodia or FUNCINPEC [Prince NORODOM RANARIDDH]; Sam Rangsi Party or SRP (formerly Khmer Nation Party or KNP) [SAM RANGSI] |
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Political pressure groups and leaders:
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NA |
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International organization participation:
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ACCT, ARF, AsDB, ASEAN, CCC, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO (subscriber), ITU, NAM, OPCW (signatory), PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO (observer) |
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Diplomatic representation in the US:
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chief of mission: Ambassador ROLAND ENG
FAX: [1] (202) 726-8381 telephone: [1] (202) 726-7742 chancery: 4500 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20011 |
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Diplomatic representation from the US:
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chief of mission: Ambassador Charles Aaron RAY
embassy: 16, Street 228 (between streets 51 and 63), Phnom Penh mailing address: Box P, APO AP 96546 telephone: [855] (23) 216-436 FAX: [855] (23) 216-437 |
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Flag description:
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three horizontal bands of blue (top), red (double width), and blue with a white three-towered temple representing Angkor Wat outlined in black in the center of the red band |
ECONOMY
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Economy - overview:
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Cambodia's economy slowed dramatically in 1997-98 due to the regional economic crisis, civil violence, and political infighting. Foreign investment and tourism fell off. In 1999, the first full year of peace in 30 years, progress was made on economic reforms and growth resumed at 5%. GDP growth for 2000 had been projected to reach 5.5%, but the worst flooding in 70 years severely damaged agricultural crops, and high oil prices hurt industrial production, and growth for the year is estimated at only 4%. In 2001, severe floods damaged an estimated 15% of the area devoted to rice. Tourism now is Cambodia's fastest growing industry, with arrivals up 34% in 2000 and up another 40% in 2001 before the September 11 terrorist attacks in the US. The long-term development of the economy after decades of war remains a daunting challenge. The population lacks education and productive skills, particularly in the poverty-ridden countryside, which suffers from an almost total lack of basic infrastructure. Fear of renewed political instability and corruption within the government discourage foreign investment and delay foreign aid. On the brighter side, the government is addressing these issues with assistance from bilateral and multilateral donors. |
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GDP:
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purchasing power parity - $18.7 billion (2001 est.) |
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GDP - real growth rate:
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5.3% (2001 est.) |
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GDP - per capita:
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purchasing power parity - $1,500 (2001 est.) |
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GDP - composition by sector:
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agriculture: 50%
industry: 15% services: 35% (2000 est.) |
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Population below poverty line:
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36% (1997 est.) |
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Household income or consumption by percentage share:
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lowest 10%: 3%
highest 10%: 34% (1997) |
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Distribution of family income - Gini index:
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40 (1997) |
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Inflation rate (consumer prices):
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1.6% (2000 est.) |
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Labor force:
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6 million (1998 est.) |
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Labor force - by occupation:
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agriculture 80% (2001 est.) |
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Unemployment rate:
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2.8% (1999 est.) |
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Budget:
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revenues: $363 million
expenditures: $532 million, including capital expenditures of $225 million (2000 est.) |
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Industries:
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tourism, garments, rice milling, fishing, wood and wood products, rubber, cement, gem mining, textiles |
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Industrial production growth rate:
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NA% |
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Electricity - production:
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132 million kWh (2000) |
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Electricity - production by source:
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fossil fuel: 62%
hydro: 38% other: 0% (2000) nuclear: 0% |
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Electricity - consumption:
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122.76 million kWh (2000) |
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Electricity - exports:
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0 kWh (2000) |
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Electricity - imports:
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0 kWh (2000) |
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Agriculture - products:
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rice, rubber, corn, vegetables |
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Exports:
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$1.05 billion f.o.b. (2000 est.) |
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Exports - commodities:
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timber, garments, rubber, rice, fish |
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Exports - partners:
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US 46.4%, Vietnam 26.1%, Germany 5.6%, Singapore 5.0%, UK 3.9% (2000) |
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Imports:
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$1.4 billion f.o.b. (2000 est.) |
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Imports - commodities:
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petroleum products, cigarettes, gold, construction materials, machinery, motor vehicles |
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Imports - partners:
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Singapore 22.5%, Thailand 19.8%, Hong Kong 15.6%, China 4.9%, Vietnam 4.9% (2000) |
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Debt - external:
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$829 million (1999 est.) |
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Economic aid - recipient:
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$548 million pledged in grants and concessional loans for 2001 by international donors |
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Currency:
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riel (KHR) |
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Currency code:
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KHR |
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Exchange rates:
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riels per US dollar - 3,895.0 (January 2002), 3,918.5 (2001), 3,840.8 (2000), 3,807.8 (1999), 3,744.4 (1998), 2,946.3 (1997) |
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Fiscal year:
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calendar year |