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NAVIGATION
Republic of Mali
Republique de Mali
former: French Sudan and Sudanese Republic
GOVERNMENT
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Country name:
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conventional long form: Republic of Mali
conventional short form: Mali local short form: Mali former: French Sudan and Sudanese Republic local long form: Republique de Mali |
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Government type:
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republic |
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Capital:
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Bamako |
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Administrative divisions:
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8 regions (regions, singular - region); Gao, Kayes, Kidal, Koulikoro, Mopti, Segou, Sikasso, Tombouctou |
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Independence:
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22 September 1960 (from France) |
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National holiday:
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Independence Day, 22 September (1960) |
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Constitution:
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adopted 12 January 1992 |
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Legal system:
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based on French civil law system and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Court (which was formally established on 9 March 1994); has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction |
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Suffrage:
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18 years of age; universal |
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Executive branch:
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chief of state: President Amadou Toumani TOURE (since 8 June 2002)
head of government: Prime Minister Ahmed Mohamed Ag HAMANI (since 9 June 2002) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (two-term limit); election last held 12 May 2002 (next to be held NA May 2007); prime minister appointed by the president election results: Amadou Toumani TOURE elected president; percent of vote - Amadou Toumani TOURE 64.4%, Soumaila CISSE 35.6% |
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Legislative branch:
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unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (147 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 14 July and 28 July 2002 (next to be held NA July 2007) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Hope 2002 coalition 66, ADEMA 51, other 30 |
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Judicial branch:
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Supreme Court or Cour Supreme |
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Political parties and leaders:
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Alliance for Democracy or ADEMA [Diounconda Traore KEITA, party chairman]; Block of Alternative for the Renewal of Africa or BARA [Yoro DIAKITE]; Democratic and Social Convention or CDS [Mamadou Bakary SANGARE, chairman]; Movement for the Independence, Renaissance and Integration of Africa or MIRIA [Mohamed Lamine TRAORE, Mouhamedou DICKO]; National Congress for Democratic Initiative or CNID [Mountaga TALL, chairman]; Party for Democracy and Progress or PDP [Me Idrissa TRAORE]; Party for National Renewal or PARENA [Yoro DIAKITE, chairman; Tiebile DRAME, secretary general]; Rally for Democracy and Labor or RDT [Ali GNANGADO]; Rally for Democracy and Progress or RDP [Almamy SYLLA, chairman]; Rally for Mali or RPM [Ibrahim Bonbasor KEITA, chairman]; Sudanese Union/African Democratic Rally or US/RDA [Mamadou Bamou TOURE, secretary general]; Union of Democratic Forces for Progress or UFDP [Youssouf TOURE, secretary general]; Union for Democracy and Development or UDD [Moussa Balla COULIBALY] |
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Political pressure groups and leaders:
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Patriotic Movement of the Ghanda Koye or MPGK; United Movement and Fronts of Azawad or MFUA |
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International organization participation:
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ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (subscriber), ITU, MIPONUH, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO |
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Diplomatic representation in the US:
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chief of mission: Ambassador Cheick Oumar DIARRAH
FAX: [1] (202) 332-6603 telephone: [1] (202) 332-2249, 939-8950 chancery: 2130 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 |
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Diplomatic representation from the US:
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chief of mission: Ambassador Vicki HUDDLESTONE
embassy: Rue Rochester NY and Rue Mohamed V, Bamako mailing address: B. P. 34, Bamako telephone: [223] (2) 223-833 FAX: [223] (2) 223-712 |
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Flag description:
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three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), yellow, and red; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia |
ECONOMY
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Economy - overview:
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Mali is among the poorest countries in the world, with 65% of its land area desert or semidesert. Economic activity is largely confined to the riverine area irrigated by the Niger. About 10% of the population is nomadic and some 70% of the labor force is engaged in farming and fishing. Industrial activity is concentrated on processing farm commodities. Mali is heavily dependent on foreign aid and vulnerable to fluctuations in world prices for cotton, its main export. In 1997, the government continued its successful implementation of an IMF-recommended structural adjustment program that is helping the economy grow, diversify, and attract foreign investment. Mali's adherence to economic reform and the 50% devaluation of the African franc in January 1994 have pushed up economic growth to a sturdy 5% average in 1996-2000. In 2001, GDP decreased by 1.2% mainly due to a 50% drop in cotton production in 2000-01. |
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GDP:
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purchasing power parity - $9.2 billion (2001 est.) |
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GDP - real growth rate:
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-1.2% (2001 est.) |
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GDP - per capita:
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purchasing power parity - $840 (2001 est.) |
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GDP - composition by sector:
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agriculture: 45%
industry: 17% services: 38% (2001 est.) |
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Population below poverty line:
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64% average; 30% of the total population living in urban areas; 76% of the total population living in rural areas) (2001 est.) |
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Household income or consumption by percentage share:
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lowest 10%: 2%
highest 10%: 40% (1994) (1994) |
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Distribution of family income - Gini index:
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51 (1994) |
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Inflation rate (consumer prices):
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4.5% (2001 est.) |
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Labor force:
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3.93 million (2001 est.) |
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Labor force - by occupation:
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agriculture and fishing 80% (2001 est.) |
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Unemployment rate:
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14.6% urban areas; 5.3% rural areas (2001 est.) |
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Budget:
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revenues: $764 million
expenditures: $828 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (2002 est.) |
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Industries:
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food processing; construction; phosphate and gold mining |
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Industrial production growth rate:
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NA |
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Electricity - production:
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462 million kWh (2000) |
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Electricity - production by source:
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fossil fuel: 43%
hydro: 57% other: 0% (2000) nuclear: 0% |
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Electricity - consumption:
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429.66 million kWh (2000) |
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Electricity - exports:
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0 kWh (2000) |
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Electricity - imports:
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0 kWh (2000) |
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Agriculture - products:
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cotton, millet, rice, corn, vegetables, peanuts; cattle, sheep, goats |
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Exports:
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$575 million f.o.b. (2001 est.) |
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Exports - commodities:
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cotton 43%, gold 40%, livestock (2001 est.) |
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Exports - partners:
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Brazil 10.6%, South Korea 9.9%, Italy 7.3%, Canada 7% (2000) |
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Imports:
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$600 million f.o.b. (2001 est.) |
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Imports - commodities:
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machinery and equipment, construction materials, petroleum, foodstuffs, textiles |
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Imports - partners:
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Cote d'Ivoire 21%, France 12.4%, Senegal 4%, Germany 4%, Benelux (2000) |
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Debt - external:
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$3.3 billion (2000) |
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Economic aid - recipient:
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$596.4 million (2001) |
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Currency:
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Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States |
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Currency code:
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XOF |
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Exchange rates:
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Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 742.79 (January 2002), 733.04 (2001), 711.98 (2000), 615.70 (1999), 589.95 (1998), 583.67 (1997); note - from 1 January 1999, the XOF is pegged to the euro at a rate of 655.957 XOF per euro |
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Fiscal year:
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calendar year |