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Republic of Djibouti

former: French Territory of the Afars and Issas

former: French Somaliland
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© 1996-2006
Bob Starkgraf

INTRODUCTION

Background:
 The French Territory of the Afars and the Issas became Djibouti in 1977. A peace accord in 1994 ended a three-year uprising by Afars rebels.
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GEOGRAPHY

Location:
 Eastern Africa, bordering the Gulf of Aden and the Red Sea, between Eritrea and Somalia
Geographic coordinates:
 11 30 N, 43 00 E
Map references:
 Africa
Area:
 total: 23,000 sq km
water: 20 sq km
land: 22,980 sq km
Area - comparative:
 slightly smaller than Massachusetts
Land boundaries:
 total: 516 km
border countries: Eritrea 109 km, Ethiopia 349 km, Somalia 58 km
Coastline:
 314 km
Maritime claims:
 contiguous zone: 24 NM
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Climate:
 desert; torrid, dry
Terrain:
 coastal plain and plateau separated by central mountains
Elevation extremes:
 lowest point: Lac Assal -155 m
highest point: Moussa Ali 2,028 m
Natural resources:
 geothermal areas
Land use:
 arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (1998 est.)
Irrigated land:
 10 sq km (1998 est.)
Natural hazards:
 earthquakes; droughts; occasional cyclonic disturbances from the Indian Ocean bring heavy rains and flash floods
Environment - current issues:
 inadequate supplies of potable water; desertification; endangered species
Environment - international agreements:
 party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Geography - note:
 strategic location near world's busiest shipping lanes and close to Arabian oilfields; terminus of rail traffic into Ethiopia; mostly wasteland; Lac Assal (Lake Assal) is the lowest point in Africa
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PEOPLE

Population:
 472,810 (July 2002 est.)
Age structure:
 0-14 years: 42.6% (male 100,903; female 100,420)
15-64 years: 54.5% (male 135,409; female 122,209)
65 years and over: 2.9% (male 7,220; female 6,649) (2002 est.)
Population growth rate:
 2.59% (2002 est.)
Birth rate:
 40.33 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Death rate:
 14.43 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Net migration rate:
 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Sex ratio:
 at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.11 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 1.09 male(s)/female
total population: 1.06 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
 99.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
 total population: 51.6 years
female: 53.52 years (2002 est.)
male: 49.73 years
Total fertility rate:
 5.64 children born/woman (2002 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
 11.75% (1999 est.)
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
 37,000 (1999 est.)
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
 4,400 (2002 est.)
Nationality:
 noun: Djiboutian(s)
adjective: Djiboutian
Ethnic groups:
 Somali 60%, Afar 35%, French, Arab, Ethiopian, and Italian 5%
Religions:
 Muslim 94%, Christian 6%
Languages:
 French (official), Arabic (official), Somali, Afar
Literacy:
 definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 46.2%
male: 60.3%
female: 32.7% (1995 est.)
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