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NAVIGATION
Spratly Islands
COMMUNICATIONS
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TRANSPORTATION
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Waterways:
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none |
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Ports and harbors:
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none; offshore anchorage only |
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Airports:
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3 (2002) |
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Airports - with paved runways:
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total: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2002) |
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Airports - with unpaved runways:
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total: 2
914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2002) |
MILITARY
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Military - note:
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Spratly Islands consist of more than 100 small islands or reefs, of which about 45 are claimed and occupied by China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam |
TRANSNATIONAL ISSUES
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Disputes - international:
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all of the Spratly Islands are claimed by China, Taiwan, and Vietnam; parts of them are claimed by Malaysia and the Philippines; in 1984, Brunei established an exclusive fishing zone that encompasses Louisa Reef in the southern Spratly Islands but has not publicly claimed the island; claimants in November 2002 signed the "Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea", a mechanism to ease tension but which fell short of a legally binding "code of conduct" |