NAVIGATION
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NAVIGATION
Republic of Tajikistan
Jumhurii Tojikiston
former: Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic
INTRODUCTION
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Background:
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Tajikistan has experienced three changes in government and a five-year civil war since it gained independence in 1991 from the USSR. A peace agreement among rival factions was signed in 1997, and implemented in 2000. The central government's less than total control over some areas of the country has forced it to compromise and forge alliances among factions. Attention by the international community in the wake of the war in Afghanistan has brought increased economic development assistance, which could create jobs and increase stability in the long term. Tajikistan is in the early stages of seeking World Trade Organization membership and has joined NATO's Partnership for Peace. |
GEOGRAPHY
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Location:
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Central Asia, west of China |
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Geographic coordinates:
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39 00 N, 71 00 E |
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Map references:
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Asia |
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Area:
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total: 143,100 sq km
water: 400 sq km land: 142,700 sq km |
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Area - comparative:
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slightly smaller than Wisconsin |
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Land boundaries:
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total: 3,651 km
border countries: Afghanistan 1,206 km, China 414 km, Kyrgyzstan 870 km, Uzbekistan 1,161 km |
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Coastline:
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0 km (landlocked) |
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Maritime claims:
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none (landlocked) |
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Climate:
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midlatitude continental, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid to polar in Pamir Mountains |
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Terrain:
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Pamir and Alay Mountains dominate landscape; western Fergana Valley in north, Kofarnihon and Vakhsh Valleys in southwest |
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Elevation extremes:
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lowest point: Syr Darya (Sirdaryo) 300 m
highest point: Qullai Ismoili Somoni 7,495 m |
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Natural resources:
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hydropower, some petroleum, uranium, mercury, brown coal, lead, zinc, antimony, tungsten, silver, gold |
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Land use:
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arable land: 5.41%
permanent crops: 0.92% other: 93.67% (1998 est.) |
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Irrigated land:
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7,200 sq km (1998 est.) |
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Natural hazards:
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earthquakes and floods |
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Environment - current issues:
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inadequate sanitation facilities; increasing levels of soil salinity; industrial pollution; excessive pesticides |
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Environment - international agreements:
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party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Environmental Modification, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
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Geography - note:
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landlocked; mountainous region dominated by the Trans-Alay Range in the north and the Pamirs in the southeast; highest point, Qullai Ismoili Somoni (formerly Communism Peak), was the tallest mountain in the former USSR |
PEOPLE
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Population:
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6,863,752 (July 2003 est.) |
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Age structure:
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0-14 years: 39.8% (male 1,376,244; female 1,353,108)
15-64 years: 55.5% (male 1,896,509; female 1,915,334) 65 years and over: 4.7% (male 140,993; female 181,564) (2003 est.) |
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Median age:
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total: 19.3 years
male: 19 years female: 19.6 years (2002) |
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Population growth rate:
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2.13% (2003 est.) |
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Birth rate:
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32.78 births/1,000 population (2003 est.) |
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Death rate:
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8.46 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) |
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Net migration rate:
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-3.06 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.) |
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Sex ratio:
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at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.78 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2003 est.) |
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Infant mortality rate:
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total: 113.43 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 99.63 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.) male: 126.58 deaths/1,000 live births |
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Life expectancy at birth:
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total population: 64.37 years
male: 61.39 years female: 67.5 years (2003 est.) |
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Total fertility rate:
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4.17 children born/woman (2003 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
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less than 0.1% (2001 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
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less than 200 (2001 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - deaths:
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less than 100 (2001 est.) |
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Nationality:
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noun: Tajikistani(s)
adjective: Tajikistani |
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Ethnic groups:
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Tajik 64.9%, Uzbek 25%, Russian 3.5% (declining because of emigration), other 6.6% |
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Religions:
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Sunni Muslim 85%, Shi'a Muslim 5% |
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Languages:
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Tajik (official), Russian widely used in government and business |
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Literacy:
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definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 99.4% male: 99.6% female: 99.1% (2003 est.) |