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NAVIGATION
United Republic of Tanzania
former: United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar
GOVERNMENT
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Country name:
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conventional long form: United Republic of Tanzania
conventional short form: Tanzania former: United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar |
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Government type:
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republic |
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Capital:
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Dar es Salaam; note - legislative offices have been transferred to Dodoma, which is planned as the new national capital; the National Assembly now meets there on regular basis |
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Administrative divisions:
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25 regions; Arusha, Dar es Salaam, Dodoma, Iringa, Kagera, Kigoma, Kilimanjaro, Lindi, Mara, Mbeya, Morogoro, Mtwara, Mwanza, Pemba North, Pemba South, Pwani, Rukwa, Ruvuma, Shinyanga, Singida, Tabora, Tanga, Zanzibar Central/South, Zanzibar North, Zanzibar Urban/West |
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Independence:
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26 April 1964; Tanganyika became independent 9 December 1961 (from UK-administered UN trusteeship); Zanzibar became independent 19 December 1963 (from UK); Tanganyika united with Zanzibar 26 April 1964 to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar; renamed United Republic of Tanzania 29 October 1964 |
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National holiday:
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Union Day (Tanganyika and Zanzibar), 26 April (1964) |
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Constitution:
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25 April 1977; major revisions October 1984 |
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Legal system:
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based on English common law; judicial review of legislative acts limited to matters of interpretation; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction |
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Suffrage:
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18 years of age; universal |
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Executive branch:
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chief of state: President Benjamin William MKAPA (since 23 November 1995); Vice President Dr. Ali Mohammed SHEIN (since 5 July 2001); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government
head of government: President Benjamin William MKAPA (since 23 November 1995); Vice President Dr. Ali Mohammed SHEIN (since 5 July 2001); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government note: Zanzibar elects a president who is head of government for matters internal to Zanzibar; Amani Abeid KARUME was elected to that office on 29 October 2000 cabinet: Cabinet ministers, including the prime minister, are appointed by the president from among the members of the National Assembly election results: Benjamin William MKAPA reelected president; percent of vote - Benjamin William MKAPA 71.7%, Ibrahim Haruna LIPUMBA 16.3%, Augustine Lyatonga MREME 7.8%, John Momose CHEYO 4.2% elections: president and vice president elected on the same ballot by popular vote for five-year terms; election last held 29 October 2000 (next to be held NA October 2005); prime minister appointed by the president |
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Legislative branch:
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unicameral National Assembly or Bunge (274 seats - 232 elected by popular vote, 37 allocated to women nominated by the president, five to members of the Zanzibar House of Representatives; members serve five-year terms); note - in addition to enacting laws that apply to the entire United Republic of Tanzania, the Assembly enacts laws that apply only to the mainland; Zanzibar has its own House of Representatives to make laws especially for Zanzibar (the Zanzibar House of Representatives has 50 seats, directly elected by universal suffrage to serve five-year terms)
election results: National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - CCM 244, CUF 16, CHADEMA 4, TLP 3, UDP 2, Zanzibar representatives 5; Zanzibar House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - CCM 34, CUF 16 elections: last held 29 October 2000 (next to be held NA October 2005) |
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Judicial branch:
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Permanent Commission of Enquiry (official ombudsman); Court of Appeal (consists of a chief justice and four judges); High Court (consists of a Jaji Kiongozi and 29 judges appointed by the president; holds regular sessions in all regions); District Courts; Primary Courts (limited jurisdiction and appeals can be made to the higher courts) |
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Political parties and leaders:
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Chama Cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Party of Democracy and Development) or CHADEMA [Bob MAKANI]; Chama Cha Mapinduzi or CCM (Revolutionary Party) [Benjamin William MKAPA]; Civic United Front or CUF [Ibrahim LIPUMBA]; Democratic Party (unregistered) [Christopher MTIKLA]; Tanzania Labor Party or TLP [Augustine Lyatonga MREMA]; United Democratic Party or UDP [John CHEYO] |
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Political pressure groups and leaders:
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NA |
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International organization participation:
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ACP, AfDB, C, EADB, ECA, FAO, G- 6, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAU, OPCW, SADC, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMEE, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO |
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Diplomatic representation in the US:
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chief of mission: Ambassador Andrew Mhando DARAJA
chancery: 2139 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 FAX: [1] (202) 797-7408 telephone: [1] (202) 939-6125 |
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Diplomatic representation from the US:
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chief of mission: Ambassador Robert V. ROYALL
embassy: 140 Msese Road, Kinondoni District, Dar es Salaam mailing address: P. O. Box 9123, Dar es Salaam telephone: [255] (22) 2666-010 through 2666-015 FAX: [255] (22) 2666-701, 2668-501 |
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Flag description:
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divided diagonally by a yellow-edged black band from the lower hoist-side corner; the upper triangle (hoist side) is green and the lower triangle is blue |
ECONOMY
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Economy - overview:
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Tanzania is one of the poorest countries in the world. The economy depends heavily on agriculture, which accounts for half of GDP, provides 85% of exports, and employs 80% of the work force. Topography and climatic conditions, however, limit cultivated crops to only 4% of the land area. Industry traditionally featured the processing of agricultural products and light consumer goods. The World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and bilateral donors have provided funds to rehabilitate Tanzania's out-of-date economic infrastructure and to alleviate poverty. Growth in 1991-2002 featured a pickup in industrial production and a substantial increase in output of minerals, led by gold. Oil and gas exploration and development played an important role in this growth. Recent banking reforms have helped increase private sector growth and investment. Continued donor support and solid macroeconomic policies should support continued real GDP growth of 5% in 2003. |
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GDP:
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purchasing power parity - $22.5 billion (2002 est.) |
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GDP - real growth rate:
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5.2% (2002 est.) |
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GDP - per capita:
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purchasing power parity - $630 (2002 est.) |
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GDP - composition by sector:
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agriculture: 48.1%
industry: 15.4% services: 36.5% (2001 est.) |
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Population below poverty line:
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36% (2002 est.) |
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Household income or consumption by percentage share:
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lowest 10%: 2.8%
highest 10%: 30.1% (1993) |
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Distribution of family income - Gini index:
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38.2 (1993) |
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Inflation rate (consumer prices):
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4.8% (2002 est.) |
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Labor force:
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13.495 million |
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Labor force - by occupation:
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agriculture 80%, industry and services 20% (2002 est.) |
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Unemployment rate:
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NA% |
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Budget:
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revenues: $1.01 billion
expenditures: $1.38 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY00/01 est.) |
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Industries:
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agricultural processing (sugar, beer, cigarettes, sisal twine), diamond and gold mining, oil refining, shoes, cement, textiles, wood products, fertilizer, salt |
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Industrial production growth rate:
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8.4% (1999 est.) |
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Electricity - production:
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2.906 billion kWh (2001) |
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Electricity - production by source:
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fossil fuel: 18.9%
hydro: 81.1% other: 0% (2001) nuclear: 0% |
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Electricity - consumption:
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2.752 billion kWh (2001) |
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Electricity - exports:
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0 kWh (2001) |
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Electricity - imports:
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50 million kWh (2001) |
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Oil - production:
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0 bbl/day (2001 est.) |
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Oil - consumption:
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17,000 bbl/day (2001 est.) |
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Oil - exports:
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NA (2001) |
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Oil - imports:
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NA (2001) |
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Oil - proved reserves:
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0 bbl (January 2002 est.) |
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Natural gas - proved reserves:
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11.33 billion cu m (January 2002 est.) |
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Agriculture - products:
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coffee, sisal, tea, cotton, pyrethrum (insecticide made from chrysanthemums), cashew nuts, tobacco, cloves, corn, wheat, cassava (tapioca), bananas, fruits, vegetables; cattle, sheep, goats |
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Exports:
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$863 million f.o.b. (2001) |
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Exports - commodities:
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gold, coffee, cashew nuts, manufactures, cotton |
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Exports - partners:
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India 15.4%, Germany 7.8%, Belgium 6.7%, Japan 6.7%, Netherlands, UK (2001) |
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Imports:
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$1.67 billion f.o.b. (2001) |
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Imports - commodities:
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consumer goods, machinery and transportation equipment, industrial raw materials, crude oil |
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Imports - partners:
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South Africa 13.3%, Japan 10.7%, UK 6.3%, Kenya 6.2%, Australia (2001) |
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Debt - external:
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$6.8 billion (2002 est.) |
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Economic aid - recipient:
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$963 million (1997) |
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Currency:
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Tanzanian shilling (TZS) |
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Currency code:
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TZS |
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Exchange rates:
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Tanzanian shillings per US dollar - NA (2002), 876.412 (2001), 800.409 (2000), 744.759 (1999), 664.671 (1998) |
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Fiscal year:
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1 July - 30 June |