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NAVIGATION
Republic of Uzbekistan
Uzbekiston Respublikasi
former: Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic
COMMUNICATIONS
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Telephones - main lines in use:
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1.98 million (1999) |
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Telephones - mobile cellular:
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130,000 (2003) |
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Telephone system:
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general assessment: antiquated and inadequate; in serious need of modernization
domestic: the domestic telephone system is being expanded and technologically improved, particularly in Tashkent (Toshkent) and Samarqand, under contracts with prominent companies in industrialized countries; moreover, by 1998, six cellular networks had been placed in operation - four of the GSM type (Global System for Mobile Communication), one D-AMPS type (Digital Advanced Mobile Phone System), and one AMPS type (Advanced Mobile Phone System) international: linked by landline or microwave radio relay with CIS member states and to other countries by leased connection via the Moscow international gateway switch; after the completion of the Uzbek link to the Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic cable, Uzbekistan will be independent of Russian facilities for international communications; Inmarsat also provides an international connection, albeit an expensive one; satellite earth stations - NA (1998) |
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Radio broadcast stations:
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AM 20, FM 7, shortwave 10 (1998) |
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Radios:
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10.8 million (1997) |
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Television broadcast stations:
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4 (plus two repeaters that relay Russian programs), 1 cable rebroadcaster in Tashkent; approximately 20 stations in regional capitals (2003) |
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Televisions:
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6.4 million (1997) |
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Internet country code:
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.uz |
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Internet Service Providers (ISPs):
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42 (2000) |
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Internet users:
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100,000 (2002) |
TRANSPORTATION
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Railways:
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total: 3,950 km
broad gauge: 3,950 km 1.520-m gauge (620 km electrified) (2002) |
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Highways:
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total: 81,600 km
paved: 71,237 km (includes some all-weather gravel-surfaced roads) unpaved: 10,363 km (these roads are made of unstabilized earth and are difficult to negotiate in wet weather) (1990) |
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Waterways:
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1,100 km (1990) |
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Pipelines:
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crude oil 250 km; petroleum products 40 km; natural gas 810 km (1992) |
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Ports and harbors:
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Termiz (Amu Darya) |
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Airports:
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273 (2002) |
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Airports - with paved runways:
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total: 27
over 3,047 m: 3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 13 1,523 to 2,437 m: 5 under 914 m: 6 (2002) |
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Airports - with unpaved runways:
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total: 246
over 3,047 m: 4 2,438 to 3,047 m: 9 1,524 to 2,437 m: 10 914 to 1,523 m: 12 under 914 m: 211 (2002) |
MILITARY
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Military branches:
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Army, Air and Air Defense Forces, National Guard, Security Forces (internal security and border troops) |
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Military manpower - military age:
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18 years of age (2003 est.) |
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Military manpower - availability:
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males age 15-49: 6,940,031 (2003 est.) |
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Military manpower - fit for military service:
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males age 15-49: 5,635,099 (2003 est.) |
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Military manpower - reaching military age annually:
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males: 310,915 (2003 est.) |
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Military expenditures - dollar figure:
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$200 million (FY97) |
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Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
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2% (FY97) |
TRANSNATIONAL ISSUES
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Disputes - international:
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prolonged regional drought creates water-sharing difficulties for Amu Darya river states; delimitation with Kazakhstan complete with demarcation underway; serious disputes with Kyrgyzstan around Uzbek enclaves mar progress on delimitation efforts; talks have begun with Tajikistan to determine and delimit border |
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Illicit drugs:
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transit country for Afghan narcotics bound for Russian and, to a lesser extent, Western European markets; limited illicit cultivation of cannabis and small amounts of opium poppy for domestic consumption; poppy cultivation almost wiped out by government crop eradication program; transit point for heroin precursor chemicals bound for Afghanistan |