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NAVIGATION
Republic of Hungary
Magyar Koztarsasag
GOVERNMENT
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Country name:
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conventional long form: Republic of Hungary
conventional short form: Hungary local short form: Magyarorszag local long form: Magyar Koztarsasag |
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Government type:
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parliamentary democracy |
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Capital:
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Budapest |
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Administrative divisions:
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19 counties (megyek, singular - megye), 20 urban counties* (singular - megyei varos), and 1 capital city** (fovaros); Bacs-Kiskun, Baranya, Bekes, Bekescsaba*, Borsod-Abauj-Zemplen, Budapest**, Csongrad, Debrecen*, Dunaujvaros*, Eger*, Fejer, Gyor*, Gyor-Moson-Sopron, Hajdu-Bihar, Heves, Hodmezovasarhely*, Jasz-Nagykun-Szolnok, Kaposvar*, Kecskemet*, Komarom-Esztergom, Miskolc*, Nagykanizsa*, Nograd, Nyiregyhaza*, Pecs*, Pest, Somogy, Sopron*, Szabolcs-Szatmar-Bereg, Szeged*, Szekesfehervar*, Szolnok*, Szombathely*, Tatabanya*, Tolna, Vas, Veszprem, Veszprem*, Zala, Zalaegerszeg* |
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Independence:
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1001 (unification by King Stephen I) |
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National holiday:
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St. Stephen's Day, 20 August |
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Constitution:
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18 August 1949, effective 20 August 1949, revised 19 April 1972; 18 October 1989 revision ensured legal rights for individuals and constitutional checks on the authority of the prime minister and also established the principle of parliamentary oversight; 1997 amendment streamlined the judicial system |
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Legal system:
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rule of law based on Western model |
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Suffrage:
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18 years of age; universal |
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Executive branch:
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chief of state: Ferenc MADL (since NA August 2000)
head of government: Prime Minister Peter MEDGYESSY (since 27 May 2002) cabinet: Council of Ministers elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the president elections: president elected by the National Assembly for a five-year term; election last held 6 June 2000 (next to be held by June 2005); prime minister elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the president note: to be elected, the president must win two-thirds of legislative vote in the first two rounds or a simple majority in the third round election results: Ferenc MADL elected president; percent of legislative vote - NA% (but by a simple majority in the third round of voting); Peter MEDGYESSY elected prime minister; percent of legislative vote - NA% |
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Legislative branch:
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unicameral National Assembly or Orszaggyules (386 seats; members are elected by popular vote under a system of proportional and direct representation to serve four-year terms)
election results: percent of vote by party (5% or more of the vote required for parliamentary representation in the first round) - FIDESZ/MDF 48.70%, MSZP 46.11%, SZDSZ 4.92%, other 0.27%; seats by party - FIDESZ/MDF 188, MSZP 178, SZDSZ 20 elections: last held 7 and 21 April 2002 (next to be held NA April 2006) |
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Judicial branch:
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Constitutional Court (judges are elected by the National Assembly for nine-year terms) |
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Political parties and leaders:
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Alliance of Free Democrats or SZDSZ [Gabor KUNCZE]; Christian Democratic People's Party or KDNP [Gyorgy GICZY, president]; Hungarian Civic Party or FIDESZ [Zoltan POKORNI]; Hungarian Democratic Forum or MDF [Ibolya DAVID]; Hungarian Democratic People's Party or MDNP [Erzsebet PUSZTAI, chairman]; Hungarian Justice and Life Party or MIEP [Istvan CSURKA, chairman]; Hungarian Socialist Party or MSZP [Laszlo KOVACS, chairman]; Hungarian Workers' Party or MMP [Gyula THURMER, chairman]; Independent Smallholders or FKGP [Jozsef TORGYAN, president] |
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Political pressure groups and leaders:
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NA |
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International organization participation:
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ABEDA, Australia Group, BIS, CCC, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, EU (applicant), FAO, G- 9, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNOMIG, UNU, UPU, WCL, WEU (associate), WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO, ZC |
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Diplomatic representation in the US:
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chief of mission: Ambassador Andras SIMONYI
chancery: 3910 Shoemaker Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 consulate(s) general: Los Angeles and New York FAX: [1] (202) 966-8135 telephone: [1] (202) 362-6730 |
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Diplomatic representation from the US:
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chief of mission: Ambassador Nancy Goodman BRINKER
embassy: Szabadsag ter 12, H-1054 Budapest mailing address: pouch: American Embassy Budapest, 5270 Budapest Place, Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-5270 telephone: [36] (1) 475-4400 FAX: [36] (1) 475-4764 |
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Flag description:
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three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and green |
ECONOMY
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Economy - overview:
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Hungary continues to demonstrate strong economic growth and to work toward accession to the European Union. The private sector accounts for over 80% of GDP. Foreign ownership of and investment in Hungarian firms is widespread, with cumulative foreign direct investment totaling more than $23 billion since 1989. Hungarian sovereign debt was upgraded in 2000 to the second-highest rating among all the Central European transition economies. Inflation and unemployment - both priority concerns in 2001 - have declined substantially. The key short-term issue is the reduction of the public sector deficit from its current 6% of GDP to 4.5% in 2003 and 3% in 2004. |
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GDP:
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purchasing power parity - $134.7 billion (2002 est.) |
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GDP - real growth rate:
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3.2% (2002 est.) |
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GDP - per capita:
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purchasing power parity - $13,300 (2002 est.) |
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GDP - composition by sector:
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agriculture: 4%
industry: 34% services: 62% (2000 est.) |
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Population below poverty line:
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9% (1993 est.) |
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Household income or consumption by percentage share:
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lowest 10%: 4%
highest 10%: 21% (1998) |
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Distribution of family income - Gini index:
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24 (1998) |
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Inflation rate (consumer prices):
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5.3% (2002 est.) |
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Labor force:
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4.2 million (1997) (1997) |
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Labor force - by occupation:
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services 65%, industry 27%, agriculture 8% (1996) (1996) |
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Unemployment rate:
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5.8% (2002 est.) |
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Budget:
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revenues: $13 billion
expenditures: $14.4 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.) |
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Industries:
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mining, metallurgy, construction materials, processed foods, textiles, chemicals (especially pharmaceuticals), motor vehicles |
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Industrial production growth rate:
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3.1% (2002 est.) |
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Electricity - production:
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33.436 billion kWh (2000) |
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Electricity - production by source:
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fossil fuel: 59%
hydro: 1% other: 0% (2000) nuclear: 40% |
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Electricity - consumption:
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35.095 billion kWh (2000) |
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Electricity - exports:
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1.2 billion kWh (2000) |
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Electricity - imports:
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5.2 billion kWh (2000) |
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Agriculture - products:
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wheat, corn, sunflower seed, potatoes, sugar beets; pigs, cattle, poultry, dairy products |
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Exports:
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$31.4 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.) |
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Exports - commodities:
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machinery and equipment 57.6%, other manufactures 31.0%, food products 7.5%, raw materials 1.9%, fuels and electricity 1.9% (2001) |
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Exports - partners:
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Germany 34.9%, Austria 8.7%, Italy 5.9%, US 5.6% (2001) |
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Imports:
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$33.9 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.) |
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Imports - commodities:
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machinery and equipment 51.6%, other manufactures 35.3%, fuels and electricity 8.2%, food products 2.9%, raw materials 2.0% (2001) |
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Imports - partners:
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Germany 26.4%, Italy 8.3%, Austria 7.9%, Russia 6.8% (2001) |
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Debt - external:
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$31.5 billion (2002 est.) |
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Economic aid - recipient:
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ODA $250 million (2000) |
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Currency:
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forint (HUF) |
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Currency code:
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HUF |
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Exchange rates:
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forints per US dollar - 275.920 (January 2002), 286.490 (2001), 282.179 (2000), 237.146 (1999), 214.402 (1998), 186.789 (1997) |
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Fiscal year:
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calendar year |