NAVIGATION
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NAVIGATION
Republic of Hungary
Magyar Koztarsasag
INTRODUCTION
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Background:
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Hungary was part of the polyglot Austro-Hungarian Empire, which collapsed during World War I. The country fell under communist rule following World War II. In 1956, a revolt and announced withdrawal from the Warsaw Pact were met with a massive military intervention by Moscow. In the more open GORBACHEV years, Hungary led the movement to dissolve the Warsaw Pact and steadily shifted toward multiparty democracy and a market-oriented economy. Following the collapse of the USSR in 1991, Hungary developed close political and economic ties to Western Europe. It joined NATO in 1999 and is a frontrunner in a future expansion of the EU. |
GEOGRAPHY
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Location:
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Central Europe, northwest of Romania |
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Geographic coordinates:
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47 00 N, 20 00 E |
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Map references:
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Europe |
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Area:
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total: 93,030 sq km
water: 690 sq km land: 92,340 sq km |
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Area - comparative:
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slightly smaller than Indiana |
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Land boundaries:
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total: 2,171 km
border countries: Austria 366 km, Croatia 329 km, Romania 443 km, Serbia and Montenegro 151 km, Slovakia 677 km, Slovenia 102 km, Ukraine 103 km |
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Coastline:
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0 km (landlocked) |
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Maritime claims:
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none (landlocked) |
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Climate:
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temperate; cold, cloudy, humid winters; warm summers |
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Terrain:
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mostly flat to rolling plains; hills and low mountains on the Slovakian border |
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Elevation extremes:
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lowest point: Tisza River 78 m
highest point: Kekes 1,014 m |
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Natural resources:
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bauxite, coal, natural gas, fertile soils, arable land |
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Land use:
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arable land: 52.2%
other: 45.34% (1998 est.) permanent crops: 2.46% |
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Irrigated land:
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2,100 sq km (1998 est.) |
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Environment - current issues:
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the approximation of Hungary's standards in waste management, energy efficiency, and air, soil, and water pollution with environmental requirements for EU accession will require large investments |
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Environment - international agreements:
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party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Law of the Sea |
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Geography - note:
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landlocked; strategic location astride main land routes between Western Europe and Balkan Peninsula as well as between Ukraine and Mediterranean basin; the north-south flowing Duna (Danube) and Tisza Rivers divide the country into three large regions |
PEOPLE
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Population:
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10,075,034 (July 2002 est.) |
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Age structure:
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0-14 years: 16.4% (male 847,081; female 802,340)
15-64 years: 68.8% (male 3,406,701; female 3,528,087) 65 years and over: 14.8% (male 544,956; female 945,869) (2002 est.) |
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Population growth rate:
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-0.3% (2002 est.) |
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Birth rate:
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9.34 births/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
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Death rate:
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13.09 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
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Net migration rate:
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0.76 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
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Sex ratio:
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at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.58 male(s)/female total population: 0.91 male(s)/female (2002 est.) |
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Infant mortality rate:
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8.77 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.) |
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Life expectancy at birth:
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total population: 71.9 years
female: 76.55 years (2002 est.) male: 67.55 years |
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Total fertility rate:
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1.25 children born/woman (2002 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
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0.05% (1999 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
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2,500 (1999 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - deaths:
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less than 100 (1999 est.) |
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Nationality:
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noun: Hungarian(s)
adjective: Hungarian |
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Ethnic groups:
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Hungarian 89.9%, Roma 4%, German 2.6%, Serb 2%, Slovak 0.8%, Romanian 0.7% |
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Religions:
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Roman Catholic 67.5%, Calvinist 20%, Lutheran 5%, atheist and other 7.5% |
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Languages:
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Hungarian 98.2%, other 1.8% |
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Literacy:
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definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 99% male: 99% female: 98% (1980 est.) |