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NAVIGATION
Republic of Uzbekistan
Uzbekiston Respublikasi
former: Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic
GOVERNMENT
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Country name:
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conventional long form: Republic of Uzbekistan
conventional short form: Uzbekistan local short form: Ozbekiston former: Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic local long form: Ozbekiston Respublikasi |
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Government type:
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republic; authoritarian presidential rule, with little power outside the executive branch |
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Capital:
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Tashkent (Toshkent) |
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Administrative divisions:
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12 provinces (viloyatlar, singular - viloyat), 1 autonomous republic* (respublika), and 1 city** (shahar); Andijon Viloyati, Buxoro Viloyati, Farg'ona Viloyati, Jizzax Viloyati, Namangan Viloyati, Navoiy Viloyati, Qashqadaryo Viloyati (Qarshi), Qaraqalpog'iston Respublikasi* (Nukus), Samarqand Viloyati, Sirdaryo Viloyati (Guliston), Surxondaryo Viloyati (Termiz), Toshkent Shahri**, Toshkent Viloyati, Xorazm Viloyati (Urganch)
note: administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers (exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses) |
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Independence:
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1 September 1991 (from Soviet Union) |
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National holiday:
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Independence Day, 1 September (1991) |
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Constitution:
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new constitution adopted 8 December 1992 |
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Legal system:
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evolution of Soviet civil law; still lacks independent judicial system |
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Suffrage:
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18 years of age; universal |
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Executive branch:
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chief of state: President Islom KARIMOV (since 24 March 1990, when he was elected president by the then Supreme Soviet)
head of government: Prime Minister Otkir SULTONOV (since 21 December 1995) cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president with approval of the Supreme Assembly election results: Islom KARIMOV reelected president; percent of vote - Islom KARIMOV 91.9%, Abdulkhafiz JALALOV 4.2% elections: president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term (previously was a five-year term, extended by constitutional amendment in 2002); election last held 9 January 2000 (next to be held NA December 2007); prime minister and deputy ministers appointed by the president |
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Legislative branch:
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unicameral Supreme Assembly or Oliy Majlis (250 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms); note - 2002 amendment to the constitution creates a second chamber to be established via elections in 2004
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NDP 48, Self-Sacrificers Party 34, Fatherland Progress Party 20, Adolat Social Democratic Party 11, MTP 10, citizens' groups 16, local government 110, vacant 1 note: not all seats in the last Supreme Assembly election were contested; all parties in the Supreme Assembly support President KARIMOV elections: last held 5 December and 19 December 1999 (next to be held NA December 2004) |
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Judicial branch:
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Supreme Court (judges are nominated by the president and confirmed by the Supreme Assembly) |
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Political parties and leaders:
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Adolat (Justice) Social Democratic Party [Anwar JURABAYEV, first secretary]; Democratic National Rebirth Party (Milly Tiklanish) or MTP [Aziz KAYUMOV, chairman]; People's Democratic Party or NDP (formerly Communist Party) [Abdulkhafiz JALALOV, first secretary]; Self-Sacrificers Party or Fidokorlar National Democratic Party [Ahtam TURSUNOV, first secretary]; note - Fatherland Progress Party merged with Self-Sacrificers Party |
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Political pressure groups and leaders:
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Birlik (Unity) Movement [Abdurakhim POLAT, chairman]; Erk (Freedom) Democratic Party [Muhammad SOLIH, chairman] was banned 9 December 1992; Human Rights Society of Uzbekistan [Tolib YAKUBOV, chairman]; Independent Human Rights Society of Uzbekistan [Abduhoshim GHAFUROV, chairman]; Ezgulik [Vasilia INOYATOVA] |
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International organization participation:
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AsDB, CIS, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, ECO, ESCAP, FAO, GUUAM, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, NAM, OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, SCO, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO (observer) |
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Diplomatic representation in the US:
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chief of mission: Ambassador Shavkat HAMRAKULOV
FAX: [1] (202) 293-6804 consulate(s) general: New York telephone: [1] (202) 887-5300 chancery: 1746 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036 |
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Diplomatic representation from the US:
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chief of mission: Ambassador John Edward HERBST
embassy: 82 Chilanzarskaya, Tashkent 700115 mailing address: use embassy street address; US Embassy Tashkent, Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-7110 telephone: [998] (71) 120-5450 FAX: [998] (71) 120-6335 |
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Flag description:
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three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and green separated by red fimbriations with a white crescent moon and 12 white stars in the upper hoist-side quadrant |
ECONOMY
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Economy - overview:
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Uzbekistan is a dry, landlocked country of which 11% consists of intensely cultivated, irrigated river valleys. More than 60% of its population lives in densely populated rural communities. Uzbekistan is now the world's second-largest cotton exporter, a large producer of gold and oil, and a regionally significant producer of chemicals and machinery. Following independence in December 1991, the government sought to prop up its Soviet-style command economy with subsidies and tight controls on production and prices. Uzbekistan responded to the negative external conditions generated by the Asian and Russian financial crises by emphasizing import substitute industrialization and by tightening export and currency controls within its already largely closed economy. A growing debt burden, persistent inflation, and a poor business climate led to disappointing growth in 2001-02. The government, while aware of the need to improve the investment climate, sponsors measures that often increase, not decrease, the government's control over business decisions. A sharp increase in the inequality of income distribution has hurt the lower ranks of society since independence. |
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GDP:
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purchasing power parity - $65 billion (2002 est.) |
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GDP - real growth rate:
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3% (2002 est.) |
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GDP - per capita:
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purchasing power parity - $2,500 (2002 est.) |
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GDP - composition by sector:
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agriculture: 36%
industry: 21% services: 43% (2001 est.) |
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Population below poverty line:
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NA% |
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Household income or consumption by percentage share:
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lowest 10%: 1.2%
highest 10%: 32.8% (1998) |
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Distribution of family income - Gini index:
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44.7 (1998) |
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Inflation rate (consumer prices):
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26% (2001 est.) |
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Labor force:
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11.9 million (1998 est.) |
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Labor force - by occupation:
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agriculture 44%, industry 20%, services 36% (1995) |
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Unemployment rate:
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10% plus another 20% underemployed (1999 est.) |
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Budget:
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revenues: $4 billion
expenditures: $4.1 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1999 est.) |
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Industries:
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textiles, food processing, machine building, metallurgy, natural gas, chemicals |
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Industrial production growth rate:
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3.5% (2000 est.) |
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Electricity - production:
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44.49 billion kWh (2001) |
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Electricity - production by source:
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fossil fuel: 88.2%
hydro: 11.8% other: 0% (2001) nuclear: 0% |
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Electricity - consumption:
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47.08 billion kWh (2001) |
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Electricity - exports:
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3.998 billion kWh (2001) |
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Electricity - imports:
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9.7 billion kWh (2001) |
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Oil - production:
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142,700 bbl/day (2001 est.) |
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Oil - consumption:
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142,000 bbl/day (2001 est.) |
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Oil - exports:
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NA (2001) |
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Oil - imports:
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NA (2001) |
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Oil - proved reserves:
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297 million bbl (January 2002 est.) |
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Natural gas - proved reserves:
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937.3 billion cu m (January 2002 est.) |
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Agriculture - products:
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cotton, vegetables, fruits, grain; livestock |
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Exports:
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$2.8 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.) |
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Exports - commodities:
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cotton 41.5%, gold 9.6%, energy products 9.6%, mineral fertilizers, ferrous metals, textiles, food products, automobiles (1998 est.) |
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Exports - partners:
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Russia 16.7%, Switzerland 8.3%, UK 7.2%, Ukraine 4.7%, South Korea 3.3%, Kazakhstan 3.1% (2000) |
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Imports:
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$2.5 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.) |
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Imports - commodities:
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machinery and equipment 49.8%, foodstuffs 16.4%, chemicals, metals (1998 est.) |
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Imports - partners:
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Russia 15.8%, South Korea 9.8%, US 8.7%, Germany 8.7%, Kazakhstan 7.3%, Ukraine 6.1% (2002) |
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Debt - external:
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$4.6 billion (2002 est.) |
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Economic aid - recipient:
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approximately $150 million from the US (2001) |
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Currency:
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Uzbekistani sum (UZS) |
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Currency code:
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UZS |
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Exchange rates:
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Uzbekistani sums per US dollar - 970 (2002), 325 (2001), 236.61 (2000), 124.63 (1999), 94.49 (1998) |
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Fiscal year:
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calendar year |