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NAVIGATION
Republic of Estonia
Eesti Vabariik
former: Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic
COMMUNICATIONS
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Telephones - main lines in use:
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501,691 (2000) |
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Telephones - mobile cellular:
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711,000 (yearend 2001) |
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Telephone system:
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general assessment: foreign investment in the form of joint business ventures greatly improved telephone service; substantial fiber-optic cable systems carry telephone, TV, and radio traffic in the digital mode; internet services are available throughout most of the country - only about 11,000 subscriber requests were unfilled by September 2000
domestic: a wide range of high quality voice, data, and internet services is available throughout the country international: fiber-optic cables to Finland, Sweden, Latvia, and Russia provide worldwide packet-switched service; two international switches are located in Tallinn (2001) |
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Radio broadcast stations:
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AM 0, FM 98, shortwave 0 (2001) |
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Radios:
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1.01 million (1997) |
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Television broadcast stations:
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3 (2001) |
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Televisions:
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605,000 (1997) |
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Internet country code:
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.ee |
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Internet Service Providers (ISPs):
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38 (2001) |
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Internet users:
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429,700 (2002) |
TRANSPORTATION
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Railways:
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total: 968 km common carrier lines only; does not include dedicated industrial lines
broad gauge: 968 km 1.520-m gauge (132 km electrified) (2001) |
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Highways:
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total: 30,300 km
paved: 29,200 km (including 75 km of expressways); note - these roads are said to be hard-surfaced, and include, in addition to conventionally paved roads, some that are surfaced with gravel or other coarse aggregate, making them trafficable in all weather unpaved: 1,100 km (2000) |
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Waterways:
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320 km (perennially navigable) (2002) |
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Pipelines:
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natural gas 2,000 km (2002) |
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Ports and harbors:
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Haapsalu, Kunda, Muuga, Paldiski, Parnu, Tallinn |
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Merchant marine:
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total: 37 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 245,958 GRT/193,042 DWT
note: includes a foreign-owned ship registered here as a flag of convenience: Liberia 1 (2002 est.) ships by type: bulk 2, cargo 13, container 5, petroleum tanker 2, roll on/roll off 9, short-sea passenger 6 |
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Airports:
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32 (2001) |
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Airports - with paved runways:
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total: 8
2,438 to 3,047 m: 7 under 914 m: 1 (2002) |
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Airports - with unpaved runways:
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total: 24
over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 5 1,524 to 2,437 m: 7 914 to 1,523 m: 5 under 914 m: 6 (2002) |
MILITARY
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Military branches:
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Estonia Defense Forces (including Ground Forces, Navy, Air Force), Republic Security Forces (internal and border troops), Volunteer Defense League (Kaitseliit), Maritime Border Guard, Coast Guard
note: Border Guards and Ministry of Internal Affairs become part of the Estonian Defense Forces in wartime; the Coast Guard is subordinate to the Ministry of Defense in peacetime and the Estonian Navy in wartime |
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Military manpower - military age:
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18 years of age (2002 est.) |
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Military manpower - availability:
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males age 15-49: 359,902 (2002 est.) |
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Military manpower - fit for military service:
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males age 15-49: 282,716 (2002 est.) |
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Military manpower - reaching military age annually:
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males: 11,164 (2002 est.) |
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Military expenditures - dollar figure:
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$155 million (2002 est.) |
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Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
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2% (2002 est.) |
TRANSNATIONAL ISSUES
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Disputes - international:
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Russia continues to reject signing and ratifying the joint December 1996 technical border agreement with Estonia |
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Illicit drugs:
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transshipment point for opiates and cannabis from Southwest Asia and the Caucasus via Russia, cocaine from Latin America to Western Europe and Scandinavia, and synthetic drugs from Western Europe to Scandinavia; increasing domestic drug abuse problem; possible precursor manufacturing and/or trafficking |