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NAVIGATION
Federal Republic of Germany
Bundesrepublik Deutschland
former: German Democratic Republic
COMMUNICATIONS
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Telephones - main lines in use:
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50.9 million (March 2001) |
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Telephones - mobile cellular:
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55.3 million (June 2001) |
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Telephone system:
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general assessment: Germany has one of the world's most technologically advanced telecommunications systems; as a result of intensive capital expenditures since reunification, the formerly backward system of the eastern part of the country, dating back to World War II, has been modernized and integrated with that of the western part
domestic: Germany is served by an extensive system of automatic telephone exchanges connected by modern networks of fiber-optic cable, coaxial cable, microwave radio relay, and a domestic satellite system; cellular telephone service is widely available, expanding rapidly, and includes roaming service to many foreign countries international: Germany's international service is excellent worldwide, consisting of extensive land and undersea cable facilities as well as earth stations in the INMARSAT, INTELSAT, EUTELSAT, and INTERSPUTNIK satellite systems (2001) |
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Radio broadcast stations:
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AM 51, FM 787, shortwave 4 (1998) |
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Radios:
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77.8 million (1997) |
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Television broadcast stations:
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373 (plus 8,042 repeaters) (1995) |
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Televisions:
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51.4 million (1998) |
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Internet country code:
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.de |
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Internet Service Providers (ISPs):
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200 (2001) |
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Internet users:
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32.1 million (2002) |
TRANSPORTATION
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Railways:
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total: 44,000 km (including at least 20,300 km electrified); most routes are double- or multiple-track
note: since privatization in 1994, Deutsche Bahn AG (DBAG) no longer publishes details of the track it owns; in addition to the DBAG system there are 102 privately owned railway companies which own approximately 3,000 to 4,000 km of track (2001 est.) |
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Highways:
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total: 656,140 km
paved: 650,891 km (including 11,400 km of expressways) unpaved: 5,249 km (all-weather) (1998 est.) |
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Waterways:
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7,500 km
note: major rivers include the Rhine and Elbe; Kiel Canal is an important connection between the Baltic Sea and North Sea (1999) |
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Pipelines:
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crude oil 2,240 km (2001) |
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Ports and harbors:
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Berlin, Bonn, Brake, Bremen, Bremerhaven, Cologne, Dresden, Duisburg, Emden, Hamburg, Karlsruhe, Kiel, Luebeck, Magdeburg, Mannheim, Rostock, Stuttgart |
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Merchant marine:
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total: 388 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,758,942 GRT/7,132,525 DWT
ships by type: cargo 132, chemical tanker 10, container 219, liquefied gas 3, passenger 3, petroleum tanker 7, railcar carrier 2, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 4, short-sea passenger 7 note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Chile 1, Finland 5, Iceland 1, Netherlands 3, Switzerland 1 (2002 est.) |
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Airports:
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625 (2001) |
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Airports - with paved runways:
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total: 328
over 3,047 m: 11 2,438 to 3,047 m: 54 914 to 1,523 m: 69 under 914 m: 131 (2002) 1,524 to 2,437 m: 63 |
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Airports - with unpaved runways:
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total: 223
under 914 m: 189 (2002) over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 31 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 |
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Heliports:
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40 (2002) |
MILITARY
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Military branches:
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Army, Navy (including naval air arm), Air Force, Medical Corps, Joint Support Service |
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Military manpower - military age:
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18 years of age (2002 est.) |
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Military manpower - availability:
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males age 15-49: 20,854,329 (2002 est.) |
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Military manpower - fit for military service:
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males age 15-49: 17,734,977 (2002 est.) |
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Military manpower - reaching military age annually:
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males: 482,318 (2002 est.) |
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Military expenditures - dollar figure:
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$38.8 billion (2002) |
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Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
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1.38% (2002) |
TRANSNATIONAL ISSUES
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Disputes - international:
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none |
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Illicit drugs:
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source of precursor chemicals for South American cocaine processors; transshipment point for and consumer of Southwest Asian heroin, Latin American cocaine, and European-produced synthetic drugs |