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NAVIGATION
Hellenic Republic
Elliniki Dhimokratia
former: Kingdom of Greece
COMMUNICATIONS
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Telephones - main lines in use:
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5.431 million (1997) |
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Telephones - mobile cellular:
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937,700 (1997) |
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Telephone system:
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general assessment: adequate, modern networks reach all areas; good mobile telephone and international service
domestic: microwave radio relay trunk system; extensive open wire connections; submarine cable to offshore islands international: tropospheric scatter; 8 submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), 1 Eutelsat, and 1 Inmarsat (Indian Ocean region) |
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Radio broadcast stations:
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AM 26, FM 88, shortwave 4 (1998) |
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Radios:
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5.02 million (1997) |
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Television broadcast stations:
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36 (plus 1,341 low-power repeaters); also two stations in the US Armed Forces Radio and Television Service (1995) |
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Televisions:
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2.54 million (1997) |
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Internet country code:
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.gr |
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Internet Service Providers (ISPs):
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27 (2000) |
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Internet users:
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1.4 million (2002) |
TRANSPORTATION
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Railways:
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total: 2,571 km
standard gauge: 1,565 km 1.435-m gauge (36 km electrified) narrow gauge: 961 km 1.000-m gauge; 22 km 0.750-m gauge (a rack-type railway for steep grades) dual gauge: 23 km combined 1.435-m and 1.000-m gauges (three rail system) (2001 est.) |
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Highways:
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total: 117,000 km
paved: 107,406 km (including 470 km of expressways) unpaved: 9,594 km (1996) |
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Waterways:
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80 km
note: system consists of three coastal canals including the Corinth Canal (6 km) which crosses the Isthmus of Corinth connecting the Gulf of Corinth with the Saronic Gulf and shortens the sea voyage from the Adriatic to Peiraiefs (Piraeus) by 325 km; there are also three unconnected rivers |
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Pipelines:
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crude oil 26 km; petroleum products 547 km |
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Ports and harbors:
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Alexandroupolis, Elefsis, Irakleion (Crete), Kavala, Kerkyra, Chalkis, Igoumenitsa, Lavrion, Patrai, Peiraiefs (Piraeus), Thessaloniki, Volos |
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Merchant marine:
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total: 802 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 27,998,523 GRT/49,458,125 DWT
note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Ireland 1, Japan 1, Liberia 1, Norway 1, Panama 2, Russia 1, Saudi Arabia 1, United Kingdom 1 (2002 est.) ships by type: bulk 294, cargo 54, chemical tanker 25, combination bulk 7, combination ore/oil 5, container 45, liquefied gas 7, multi-functional large-load carrier 1, passenger 13, petroleum tanker 265, refrigerated cargo 3, roll on/roll off 23, short-sea passenger 54, specialized tanker 4, vehicle carrier 2 |
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Airports:
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79 (note - new Athens airport at Spata opened in March 2001) (2001) |
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Airports - with paved runways:
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total: 66
over 3,047 m: 6 2,438 to 3,047 m: 15 914 to 1,523 m: 17 under 914 m: 9 (2002) 1,524 to 2,437 m: 19 |
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Airports - with unpaved runways:
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total: 13 14
914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 10 (2002) |
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Heliports:
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7 (2002) |
MILITARY
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Military branches:
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Hellenic Army, Hellenic Navy, Hellenic Air Force, Police, National Guard |
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Military manpower - military age:
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21 years of age (2002 est.) |
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Military manpower - availability:
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males age 15-49: 2,668,872 (2002 est.) |
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Military manpower - fit for military service:
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males age 15-49: 2,034,192 (2002 est.) |
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Military manpower - reaching military age annually:
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males: 77,976 (2002 est.) |
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Military expenditures - dollar figure:
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$6.12 billion (FY99/00 est.) |
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Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
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4.91% (FY99/00 est.) |
TRANSNATIONAL ISSUES
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Disputes - international:
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Greece and Turkey have resumed discussions to resolve their complex maritime, air, territorial, and boundary disputes in the Aegean Sea; Cyprus question with Turkey; dispute with The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia over its name |
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Illicit drugs:
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a gateway to Europe for traffickers smuggling cannabis and heroin from the Middle East and Southwest Asia to the West and precursor chemicals to the East; some South American cocaine transits or is consumed in Greece; money laundering related to drug trafficking and organized crime |