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NAVIGATION
Malaysia
former: Malayan Union
former: Malaya, British Singapore
former: Sabah, Sarawak
COMMUNICATIONS
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Telephones - main lines in use:
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4.6 million (2000) |
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Telephones - mobile cellular:
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5 million (2000) |
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Telephone system:
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general assessment: modern system; international service excellent
domestic: good intercity service provided on Peninsular Malaysia mainly by microwave radio relay; adequate intercity microwave radio relay network between Sabah and Sarawak via Brunei; domestic satellite system with 2 earth stations international: submarine cables to India, Hong Kong, and Singapore; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean) (2001) |
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Radio broadcast stations:
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AM 35, FM 391, shortwave 15 (2001) |
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Radios:
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10.9 million (1999) |
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Television broadcast stations:
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1 (plus 15 high-power repeaters) (2001) |
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Televisions:
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10.8 million (1999) |
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Internet country code:
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.my |
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Internet Service Providers (ISPs):
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7 (2000) |
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Internet users:
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5.7 million (2002) |
TRANSPORTATION
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Railways:
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total: 1,801 km
narrow gauge: 1,801 km 1.000-m gauge (148 km electrified) (2001) |
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Highways:
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total: 64,672 km
paved: 48,707 km (including 1,192 km of expressways) note: in addition to these national and main regional roads, Malaysia has thousands of kilometers of local roads that are maintained by local jurisdictions (1999) unpaved: 15,965 km |
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Waterways:
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7,296 km
note: Peninsular Malaysia 3,209 km, Sabah 1,569 km, Sarawak 2,518 km |
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Pipelines:
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crude oil 1,307 km; natural gas 379 km |
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Ports and harbors:
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Bintulu, Kota Kinabalu, Kuantan, Kuching, Kudat, Labuan, Lahad Datu, Lumut, Miri, Pasir Gudang, Penang, Port Dickson, Port Kelang, Sandakan, Sibu, Tanjung Berhala, Tanjung Kidurong, Tawau |
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Merchant marine:
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total: 363 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 4,952,119 GRT/7,229,299 DWT
note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Australia 1, China 1, Germany 2, Hong Kong 15, Indonesia 3, Japan 4, Monaco 1, Philippines 2, Singapore 78, South Korea 2, Vietnam 1 (2002 est.) ships by type: bulk 57, cargo 114, chemical tanker 35, container 62, liquefied gas 20, livestock carrier 1, passenger 2, petroleum tanker 60, roll on/roll off 5, specialized tanker 1, vehicle carrier 6 |
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Airports:
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116 (2001) |
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Airports - with paved runways:
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total: 35
over 3,047 m: 5 2,438 to 3,047 m: 5 914 to 1,523 m: 7 under 914 m: 7 (2002) 1,524 to 2,437 m: 11 |
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Airports - with unpaved runways:
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total: 79
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 6 under 914 m: 72 (2002) |
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Heliports:
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1 (2002) |
MILITARY
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Military branches:
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Malaysian Army, Royal Malaysian Navy, Royal Malaysian Air Force, Royal Malaysian Police Field Force, Marine Police, Sarawak Border Scouts |
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Military manpower - military age:
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21 years of age (2002 est.) |
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Military manpower - availability:
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males age 15-49: 5,933,296 (2002 est.) |
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Military manpower - fit for military service:
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males age 15-49: 3,592,997 (2002 est.) |
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Military manpower - reaching military age annually:
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males: 196,042 (2002 est.) |
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Military expenditures - dollar figure:
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$1.69 billion (FY00 est.) |
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Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
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2.03% (FY00) |
TRANSNATIONAL ISSUES
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Disputes - international:
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Malaysia involved in a complex dispute over the Spratly Islands with China, Philippines, Taiwan, Vietnam, and possibly Brunei; Malaysia and Singapore are considering taking the dispute over Pulau Batu Putih (Pedra Branca Island) to ICJ; Malaysia concerned over Singapore's land reclamation works on Johor, which affect the maritime boundary, shipping lanes, and water ecology in the Tebrau Reach; since 1998, ICJ has been considering Malaysia's longstanding Sipadan and Ligitan islands dispute with Indonesia; ICJ rejected the Philippines' application to intervene in this case in October 2001; Sultanate of Sulu granted the Philippine Government power of attorney to pursue his sovereignty claim over Malaysia's state of Sabah, over which the Philippines have not fully revoked their claim; a one km stretch of Malaysia-Thailand territory at the mouth of the Kolok river remains in dispute, despite overall success in boundary redemarcation |
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Illicit drugs:
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transit point for some illicit drugs; drug trafficking prosecuted vigorously and carries severe penalties |