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NAVIGATION
Republic of Panama
Republica de Panama
COMMUNICATIONS
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Telephones - main lines in use:
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396,000 (1997) |
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Telephones - mobile cellular:
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17,000 (1997) |
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Telephone system:
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general assessment: domestic and international facilities well developed
domestic: NA international: 1 coaxial submarine cable; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); connected to the Central American Microwave System |
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Radio broadcast stations:
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AM 101, FM 134, shortwave 0 (1998) |
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Radios:
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815,000 (1997) |
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Television broadcast stations:
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38 (including repeaters) (1998) |
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Televisions:
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510,000 (1997) |
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Internet country code:
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.pa |
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Internet Service Providers (ISPs):
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6 (2000) |
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Internet users:
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45,000 (2000) |
TRANSPORTATION
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Railways:
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total: 355 km
broad gauge: 76 km 1.524-m gauge narrow gauge: 279 km 0.914-m gauge (2001) |
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Highways:
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total: 11,592 km
paved: 4,079 km (including 30 km of expressways) unpaved: 7,513 km (2000) |
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Waterways:
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882 km
note: 800 km navigable by shallow draft vessels; 82 km Panama Canal |
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Pipelines:
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crude oil 130 km (2001) |
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Ports and harbors:
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Balboa, Cristobal, Coco Solo, Manzanillo (part of Colon area), Vacamonte |
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Merchant marine:
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total: 4,838 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 118,878,358 GRT/180,588,102 DWT
ships by type: bulk 1,445, cargo 907, chemical tanker 337, combination bulk 73, combination ore/oil 18, container 560, liquefied gas 207, livestock carrier 5, multi-functional large-load carrier 12, passenger 38, passenger/cargo 3, petroleum tanker 542, railcar carrier 2, refrigerated cargo 283, roll on/roll off 104, short-sea passenger 38, specialized tanker 34, vehicle carrier 230 note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Albania 2, Angola 1, Antigua and Barbuda 1, Argentina 11, Australia 13, Austria 2, Bahamas, The 5, Belgium 2, Belize 6, Brazil 6, British Virgin Islands 8, Cambodia 1, Canada 9, Chile 12, China 259, Colombia 14, Croatia 2, Cuba 20, Cyprus 3, Denmark 3, Dominican Republic 1, Ecuador 3, Egypt 16, Equatorial Guinea 1, France 9, Germany 72, Greece 523, Haiti 1, Honduras 3, Hong Kong 299, Iceland 1, India 18, Indonesia 48, Ireland 1, Israel 5, Italy 9, Japan 1642, Kenya 1, Kuwait 2, Latvia 8, Liberia 5, Lithuania 1, Malaysia 18, Malta 2, Marshall Islands 1, Mexico 8, Monaco 112, Netherlands 19, Netherlands Antilles 1, Nigeria 3, Norway 98, Paraguay 1, Peru 15, Philippines 49, Poland 5, Portugal 7, Puerto Rico 2, Romania 7, Russia 12, Saint Kitts and Nevis 1, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 5, Saudi Arabia 4, Seychelles 1, Singapore 112, South Africa 3, South Korea 342, Spain 52, Sri Lanka 3, Sudan 1, Sweden 2, Switzerland 81, Taiwan 334, Thailand 14, Trinidad and Tobago 1, Tunisia 1, Turkey 4, Ukraine 1, United Arab Emirates 54, United Kingdom 73, United States 115, Venezuela 6, Virgin Islands (UK) 8 (2002 est.) |
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Airports:
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107 (2001) |
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Airports - with paved runways:
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total: 41
over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 5 914 to 1,523 m: 13 under 914 m: 21 (2002) |
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Airports - with unpaved runways:
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total: 62
914 to 1,523 m: 12 under 914 m: 50 (2002) |
MILITARY
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Military branches:
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an amendment to the Constitution abolished the armed forces, but there are security forces (Panamanian Public Forces or PPF includes the Panamanian National Police, National Maritime Service, and National Air Service) |
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Military manpower - availability:
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males age 15-49: 789,973 (2002 est.) |
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Military manpower - fit for military service:
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males age 15-49: 540,052 (2002 est.) |
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Military expenditures - dollar figure:
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$128 million (FY99) |
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Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
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1.3% (FY99) |
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Military - note:
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on 10 February 1990, the government of then President ENDARA abolished Panama's military and reformed the security apparatus by creating the Panamanian Public Forces; in October 1994, Panama's Legislative Assembly approved a constitutional amendment prohibiting the creation of a standing military force, but allowing the temporary establishment of special police units to counter acts of "external aggression" |
TRANSNATIONAL ISSUES
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Disputes - international:
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none |
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Illicit drugs:
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major cocaine transshipment point and primary money laundering center for narcotics revenue; money-laundering activity is especially heavy in the Colon Free Zone; offshore financial center; negligible signs of coca cultivation; monitoring of financial transactions is improving; official corruption remains a major problem |