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NAVIGATION
Serbia and Montenegro
Srbija-Crna Gora
GOVERNMENT
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Country name:
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conventional long form: Serbia and Montenegro
conventional short form: none local short form: none local long form: Srbija i Crna Gora |
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Government type:
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republic |
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Capital:
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Belgrade |
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Administrative divisions:
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2 republics (republike, singular - republika); and 2 nominally autonomous provinces* (autonomn pokrajine, singular - autonomna pokrajina); Kosovo*, Montenegro, Serbia, Vojvodina* |
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Independence:
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27 April 1992 (Federal Republic of Yugoslavia or FRY formed as self-proclaimed successor to the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia or SFRY) |
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National holiday:
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Republic Day, 29 November |
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Constitution:
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4 February 2003 |
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Legal system:
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based on civil law system |
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Suffrage:
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16 years of age, if employed; 18 years of age, universal |
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Executive branch:
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chief of state: President Svetozar MAROVIC (since 7 March 2003)
head of government: Prime Minister Dragisa PESIC (since 24 July 2001); Deputy Prime Minister Miroljub LABUS (since 25 January 2001) cabinet: Federal Ministries act as Cabinet elections: president elected by the Parliament for a four-year term; election last held 7 March 2003 (next to be held NA 2007); prime minister appointed by the president election results: Svetozar MAROVIC elected president by the Parliament; vote was Svetozar MAROVIC 65, other 47 |
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Legislative branch:
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unicameral Parliament (126 seats - 91 Serbian, 35 Montenegrin - filled by nominees of the two state parliaments for the first two years, after which the president will call for public elections
elections: last held 25 February 2003 (next to be held NA 2005) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - DOS 37, DLECG 19, DSS 17, ZP 14, SPS 12, SRS 8, SDP 5, SSJ 5, other 9 |
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Judicial branch:
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Federal Court or Savezni Sud; Constitutional Court; judges for both courts are elected by the Federal Assembly for nine-year terms
note: after the promulgation of the new Constitution, the Federal Court will have constitutional and administrative functions; it will have an equal number of judges from each republic |
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Political parties and leaders:
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Democratic Opposition of Serbia or DOS (a coalition of many small parties including DSS) [leader NA]; Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians or SVM [Jozsef KASZA]; Democratic League of Kosovo or LDK [Dr. Ibrahim RUGOVA, president]; Democratic List for European Montenegro or DLECG [Milo DJUKANOVIC, Ranko KRIVOKAPIC]; Democratic Party or DS [collective interim leadership led by Cedomir JOVANOVIC]; Democratic Party of Serbia or DSS [Vojislav KOSTUNICA]; Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro or DPS [Milo DJUKANOVIC]; Party of Serb Unity or SSJ [Borislav PELEVIC]; Serbian Radical Party or SRS [Tomislav NIKOLIC]; Serbian Socialist Party or SPS (former Communist Party and party of Slobodan MILOSEVIC) [Zoran ANDJELKOVIC, general secretary]; Social Democratic Party or SDP [Rasim LJAJIC]; Together for Changes or ZP [leader NA] |
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Political pressure groups and leaders:
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Alliance for the Future of Kosovo or AAK [Ramush HARADINAJ]; Democratic League of Kosovo or LDK [Ibrahim RUGOVA]; Democratic Party of Kosovo or PDK [Hashim THACI]; Group of 17 Independent Economists or G-17 [leader NA]; National Movement for the Liberation of Kosovo or LKCK [Sabit GASHI]; Otpor Student Resistance Movement [leader NA]; Political Council for Presevo, Meveda and Bujanovac or PCPMB [leader NA]; The People's Movement for Kosovo or LPK [Emrush XHEMAJLI] |
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International organization participation:
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ABEDA, BIS, CE (guest), CEI, EBRD, FAO, G- 9, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAS (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMISET, UPU, WCL, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO (observer) |
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Diplomatic representation in the US:
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chief of mission: Ambassador Ivan VUJACIC
chancery: 2134 Kalorama Road NW, Washington, DC 20008 consulate(s) general: Chicago telephone: [1] (202) 462-6566 |
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Diplomatic representation from the US:
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chief of mission: Ambassador William D. MONTGOMERY
embassy: Kneza Milosa 50, 11000 Belgrade telephone: [381] (11) 361-9344 FAX: [381] (11) 646-031 branch office: Pristina |
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Flag description:
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three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and red |
ECONOMY
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Economy - overview:
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MILOSEVIC-era mismanagement of the economy, an extended period of economic sanctions, and the damage to Yugoslavia's infrastructure and industry during the war in Kosovo have left the economy only half the size it was in 1990. Since the ousting of former Federal Yugoslav President MILOSEVIC in October 2000, the Democratic Opposition of Serbia (DOS) coalition government has implemented stabilization measures and embarked on an aggressive market reform program. After renewing its membership in the IMF in December 2000, Yugoslavia continued to reintegrate into the international community by rejoining the World Bank (IBRD) and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD). A World Bank-European Commission sponsored Donors' Conference held in June 2001 raised $1.3 billion for economic restructuring. An agreement rescheduling the country's $4.5 billion Paris Club government debts was concluded in November 2001; it will write off 66% of the debt; a similar debt relief agreement on its $2.8 billion London Club commercial debt is still pending. The smaller republic of Montenegro severed its economy from federal control and from Serbia during the MILOSEVIC era and continues to maintain it's own central bank, uses the euro instead of the Yugoslav dinar as official currency, collects customs tariffs, and manages its own budget. Kosovo, while technically still part of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (now Serbia and Montenegro) according to United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244, is moving toward local autonomy under United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) and is dependent on the international community for financial and technical assistance. The euro and the Yugoslav dinar are official currencies, and UNMIK collects taxes and manages the budget. The complexity of Serbia and Montenegro political relationships, slow progress in privatization, and stagnation in the European economy are holding back the economy; nonetheless, growth may be 4.5% in 2003. |
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GDP:
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purchasing power parity - $25.3 billion (2002 est.) |
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GDP - real growth rate:
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3% (2002 est.) |
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GDP - per capita:
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purchasing power parity - $2,370 (2002 est.) |
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GDP - composition by sector:
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agriculture: 26%
industry: 36% services: 38% (2001 est.) |
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Population below poverty line:
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30% |
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Household income or consumption by percentage share:
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lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
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Inflation rate (consumer prices):
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19% (2002 est.) |
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Labor force:
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3 million (2001 est.) |
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Labor force - by occupation:
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agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA% |
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Unemployment rate:
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32% (2002 est.) |
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Budget:
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revenues: $3.9 billion
expenditures: $4.3 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2001 est.) |
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Industries:
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machine building (aircraft, trucks, and automobiles; tanks and weapons; electrical equipment; agricultural machinery); metallurgy (steel, aluminum, copper, lead, zinc, chromium, antimony, bismuth, cadmium); mining (coal, bauxite, nonferrous ore, iron ore, limestone); consumer goods (textiles, footwear, foodstuffs, appliances); electronics, petroleum products, chemicals, and pharmaceuticals |
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Industrial production growth rate:
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1.7% (2002 est.) |
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Electricity - production:
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31.71 billion kWh (2001) |
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Electricity - production by source:
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fossil fuel: 62.9%
hydro: 37.1% other: 0% (2001) nuclear: 0% |
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Electricity - consumption:
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32.37 billion kWh (2001) |
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Electricity - exports:
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446 million kWh (2001) |
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Electricity - imports:
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3.33 billion kWh (2001) |
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Oil - production:
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15,000 bbl/day (2001 est.) |
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Oil - consumption:
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64,000 bbl/day (2001 est.) |
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Oil - exports:
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NA (2001) |
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Oil - imports:
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NA (2001) |
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Oil - proved reserves:
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38.75 million bbl (January 2002 est.) |
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Natural gas - proved reserves:
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24.07 billion cu m (January 2002 est.) |
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Agriculture - products:
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cereals, fruits, vegetables, tobacco, olives; cattle, sheep, goats |
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Exports:
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$2.3 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.) |
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Exports - commodities:
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manufactured goods, food and live animals, raw materials |
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Exports - partners:
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Italy 14.5%, Bosnia and Herzegovina 14.5%, Germany 10.7%, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 9.1% (2002) |
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Imports:
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$6.3 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.) |
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Imports - commodities:
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machinery and transport equipment, fuels and lubricants, manufactured goods, chemicals, food and live animals, raw materials |
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Imports - partners:
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Russia 12.5%, Germany 13.1%, Italy 10.3%, Hungary 4.4% (2002) |
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Debt - external:
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$9.2 billion (2001 est.) |
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Economic aid - recipient:
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$2 billion pledged in 2001 (disbursements to follow for several years) |
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Currency:
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new Yugoslav dinar (YUM); note - in Montenegro the euro is legal tender; in Kosovo both the euro and the Yugoslav dinar are legal (2002) |
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Currency code:
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YUM |
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Exchange rates:
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new Yugoslav dinars per US dollar - official rate: 65 (2002), 10.0 (December 1998); black market rate: 14.5 (December 1998) |
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Fiscal year:
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calendar year |