NAVIGATION
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NAVIGATION
Somalia
former: Somali Republic, Somali Democratic Republic
COMMUNICATIONS
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Telephones - main lines in use:
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15,000 (2000) |
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Telephones - mobile cellular:
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NA |
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Telephone system:
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general assessment: the public telecommunications system was almost completely destroyed or dismantled by the civil war factions; private wireless companies offer service in most major cities and charge the lowest international rates on the continent
domestic: local cellular telephone systems have been established in Mogadishu and in several other population centers international: international connections are available from Mogadishu by satellite |
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Radio broadcast stations:
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AM 0, FM 11, shortwave 1 in Mogadishu; 1 FM in Puntland, 1 FM in Somaliland (2001) |
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Radios:
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470,000 (1997) |
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Television broadcast stations:
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4
note: two in Mogadishu; two in Hargeisa (2001) |
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Televisions:
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135,000 (1997) |
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Internet country code:
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.so |
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Internet Service Providers (ISPs):
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3 (one each in Boosaaso, Hargeisa, and Mogadishu) (2000) |
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Internet users:
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200 (2000) |
TRANSPORTATION
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Railways:
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0 km |
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Highways:
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total: 22,100 km
paved: 2,608 km unpaved: 19,492 km (1996) |
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Waterways:
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none |
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Pipelines:
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crude oil 15 km |
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Ports and harbors:
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Boosaaso, Berbera, Chisimayu (Kismaayo), Merca, Mogadishu |
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Merchant marine:
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none (2002 est.) |
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Airports:
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60 (2002) |
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Airports - with paved runways:
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total: 6
over 3,047 m: 4 2438 to 3047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2002) |
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Airports - with unpaved runways:
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total: 54
2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 1,524 to 2,437 m: 18 914 to 1,523 m: 30 under 914 m: 3 (2002) |
MILITARY
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Military branches:
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A Somali National Army was attempted under the interim government; numerous factions and clans maintain independent militias, and the Somaliland and Puntland regional governments maintain their own security and police forces |
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Military manpower - availability:
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males age 15-49: 1,942,244 (2003 est.) |
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Military manpower - fit for military service:
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males age 15-49: 1,072,689 (2003 est.) |
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Military expenditures - dollar figure:
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$17.1 million (FY02) |
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Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
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0.9% (FY02) |
TRANSNATIONAL ISSUES
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Disputes - international:
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"Somaliland" secessionists provide port facilities to land-locked Ethiopia and establish commercial ties with regional states; "Puntland" secessionists clash with "Somaliland" secessionists to establish territorial limits and clan loyalties, each seeking support from neighboring states; Ethiopia maintains only an administrative line with the Oromo region of southern Somalia and maintains alliances with local Somali clans opposed to the unrecognized Transitional National Government in Mogadishu |