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NAVIGATION
Kingdom of Thailand
former: Siam
COMMUNICATIONS
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Telephones - main lines in use:
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5.6 million (2000) |
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Telephones - mobile cellular:
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3.1 million (2002) |
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Telephone system:
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general assessment: service to general public adequate, but investment in technological upgrades reduced by recession; bulk of service to government activities provided by multichannel cable and microwave radio relay network
domestic: microwave radio relay and multichannel cable; domestic satellite system being developed international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean) |
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Radio broadcast stations:
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AM 204, FM 334, shortwave 6 (1999) |
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Radios:
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13.96 million (1997) |
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Television broadcast stations:
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5 (all in Bangkok; plus 131 repeaters) (1997) |
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Televisions:
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15.19 million (1997) |
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Internet country code:
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.th |
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Internet Service Providers (ISPs):
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15 (2000) |
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Internet users:
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1.2 million (2001) |
TRANSPORTATION
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Railways:
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total: 4,071 km
narrow gauge: 4,071 km 1.000-m gauge (2002) |
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Highways:
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total: 64,600 km
paved: 62,985 km unpaved: 1,615 km (1996) |
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Waterways:
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4,000 km
note: 3,701 km are navigable throughout the year by boats with drafts up to 0.9 meters; numerous minor waterways serve shallow-draft native craft |
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Pipelines:
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petroleum products 67 km; natural gas 350 km |
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Ports and harbors:
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Bangkok, Laem Chabang, Pattani, Phuket, Sattahip, Si Racha, Songkhla |
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Merchant marine:
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total: 317 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 1,744,103 GRT/2,657,666 DWT
note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Germany 1, Greece 1, Indonesia 1, Japan 1, Norway 24, Panama 1, Singapore 1 (2002 est.) ships by type: bulk 33, cargo 136, chemical tanker 5, combination bulk 1, combination ore/oil 1, container 17, liquefied gas 21, multi-functional large-load carrier 2, passenger 1, petroleum tanker 74, refrigerated cargo 17, roll on/roll off 2, short-sea passenger 2, specialized tanker 4, vehicle carrier 1 |
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Airports:
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111 (2002) |
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Airports - with paved runways:
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total: 62
over 3,047 m: 7 2,438 to 3,047 m: 10 914 to 1,523 m: 17 under 914 m: 5 (2002) 1,524 to 2,437 m: 23 |
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Airports - with unpaved runways:
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total: 49
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 17 under 914 m: 31 (2002) |
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Heliports:
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2 (2002) |
MILITARY
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Military branches:
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Royal Thai Army, Royal Thai Navy (includes Royal Thai Marine Corps), Royal Thai Air Force, paramilitary forces (includes the Border Patrol Police [including Police Aerial Reinforcement Unit], Thahan Phran, Special Action Forces, Police Aviation Division, Thai Marine Police, and the Volunteer Defense Corps) |
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Military manpower - military age:
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18 years of age (2003 est.) |
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Military manpower - availability:
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males age 15-49: 17,904,298 (2003 est.) |
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Military manpower - fit for military service:
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males age 15-49: 10,724,565 (2003 est.) |
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Military manpower - reaching military age annually:
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males: 520,472 (2003 est.) |
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Military expenditures - dollar figure:
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$1.775 billion (FY00) |
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Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
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1.4% (FY00) |
TRANSNATIONAL ISSUES
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Disputes - international:
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completion of boundary demarcation with Cambodia hampered by accusations of moving and destroying boundary markers, encroachments, initiating border incidents, and sealing off Preah Vihear temple ruins, awarded to Cambodia by ICJ decision in 1962; demarcation complete except for a 1 kilometer segment at the mouth of the Kolok River in dispute with Malaysia; demarcation with Laos complete except for certain Mekong River islets and complaints of Thai squatters; despite continuing border committee talks, significant differences remain with Burma over boundary alignment and the handling of ethnic rebels, refugees, and illegal cross-border activities |
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Illicit drugs:
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a minor producer of opium, heroin, and marijuana; illicit transit point for heroin en route to the international drug market from Burma and Laos; eradication efforts have reduced the area of cannabis cultivation and shifted some production to neighboring countries; opium poppy cultivation has been reduced by eradication efforts; also a drug money-laundering center; minor role in amphetamine production for regional consumption; increasing indigenous abuse of methamphetamine |