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NAVIGATION
Ukraine
Ukrayina
COMMUNICATIONS
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Telephones - main lines in use:
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9.45 million (April 1999) |
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Telephones - mobile cellular:
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236,000 (1998) |
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Telephone system:
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general assessment: Ukraine's telecommunication development plan, running through 2005, emphasizes improving domestic trunk lines, international connections, and the mobile cellular system
domestic: at independence in December 1991, Ukraine inherited a telephone system that was antiquated, inefficient, and in disrepair; more than 3.5 million applications for telephones could not be satisfied; telephone density is now rising slowly and the domestic trunk system is being improved; the mobile cellular telephone system is expanding at a high rate international: two new domestic trunk lines are a part of the fiber-optic Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) system and three Ukrainian links have been installed in the fiber-optic Trans-European Lines (TEL) project which connects 18 countries; additional international service is provided by the Italy-Turkey-Ukraine-Russia (ITUR) fiber-optic submarine cable and by earth stations in the Intelsat, Inmarsat, and Intersputnik satellite systems |
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Radio broadcast stations:
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AM 134, FM 289, shortwave 4 (1998) |
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Radios:
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45.05 million (1997) |
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Television broadcast stations:
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at least 33 (plus 21 repeaters that relay broadcasts from Russia) (1997) |
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Televisions:
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18.05 million (1997) |
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Internet country code:
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.ua |
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Internet Service Providers (ISPs):
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260 (2001) |
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Internet users:
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750,000 (2001) |
TRANSPORTATION
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Railways:
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total: 22,473 km
broad gauge: 22,473 km 1.524-m gauge (9,250 km electrified) (2002) |
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Highways:
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total: 273,700 km
paved: 236,400 km (including 1,770 km of expressways and a substantial amount of all-weather roads with gravel surfaces) unpaved: 37,300 km (these roads are made of unstabilized earth and are difficult to negotiate in wet weather) (1990) |
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Waterways:
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4,499 km
note: 1,672 km are on the Pryp'yat' and Dniester (Dnister) (1990) |
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Pipelines:
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crude oil 4,000 km (1995); petroleum products 4,500 km (1995); natural gas 34,400 km (1998) |
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Ports and harbors:
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Berdyans'k, Feodosiya, Illichivs'k, Izmayil, Kerch, Kherson, Kiev (Kyyiv), Kiliya, Mariupol', Mykolayiv, Odesa, Reni, Sevastopol', Yalta, Yuzhnyy |
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Merchant marine:
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total: 131 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 633,932 GRT/640,743 DWT
ships by type: bulk 7, cargo 89, container 5, liquefied gas 2, passenger 14, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 10, railcar carrier 2, short-sea passenger 1 note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Cyprus 1, Greece 1, Panama 1, Russia 4, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1 (2002 est.) |
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Airports:
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790 (2002) |
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Airports - with paved runways:
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total: 182
over 3,047 m: 13 2,438 to 3,047 m: 51 1,524 to 2,437 m: 31 914 to 1,523 m: 6 under 914 m: 81 (2002) |
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Airports - with unpaved runways:
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total: 608
over 3,047 m: 14 2,438 to 3,047 m: 36 1,524 to 2,437 m: 50 914 to 1,523 m: 42 under 914 m: 466 (2002) |
MILITARY
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Military branches:
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Ground Forces, Naval Forces, Air Force, Air Defense Forces, Interior Troops, Border Troops |
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Military manpower - military age:
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18 years of age (2003 est.) |
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Military manpower - availability:
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males age 15-49: 12,236,811 (2003 est.) |
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Military manpower - fit for military service:
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males age 15-49: 9,597,172 (2003 est.) |
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Military manpower - reaching military age annually:
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males: 389,499 (2003 est.) |
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Military expenditures - dollar figure:
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$617.9 million (FY02) |
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Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
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1.4% (FY02) |
TRANSNATIONAL ISSUES
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Disputes - international:
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1997 boundary treaty with Belarus remains unratified over unresolved financial claims, preventing demarcation and encouraging illegal cross-border activities; land delimitation of boundary with Russia is complete, but maritime regime of the Sea of Azov and Kerch Strait remains unresolved; difficulties in the Transnistria region of Moldova complicate border crossing and customs, facilitating smuggling, arms transfers, and other illegal activities; has not resolved Romanian claims to Ukrainian-administered Zmiyinyy (Snake) Island and Black Sea maritime boundary despite ongoing talks based on 1997 friendship treaty to find a solution in two years |
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Illicit drugs:
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limited cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy, mostly for CIS consumption; some synthetic drug production for export to the West; limited government eradication program; used as transshipment point for opiates and other illicit drugs from Africa, Latin America, and Turkey to Europe and Russia; drug-related money laundering a minor, but growing, problem; lax anti-money-laundering regime |