NAVIGATION
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NAVIGATION
Socialist Republic of Vietnam
Cong Hoa Xa Hoi Chu Nghia Viet Nam
COMMUNICATIONS
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Telephones - main lines in use:
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2.6 million (2000) |
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Telephones - mobile cellular:
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730,155 (2000) |
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Telephone system:
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general assessment: Vietnam is putting considerable effort into modernization and expansion of its telecommunication system, but its performance continues to lag behind that of its more modern neighbors
domestic: all provincial exchanges are digitalized and connected to Hanoi, Da Nang, and Ho Chi Minh City by fiber-optic cable or microwave radio relay networks; since 1991, main lines in use have been substantially increased and the use of mobile telephones is growing rapidly international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean region) |
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Radio broadcast stations:
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AM 65, FM 7, shortwave 29 (1999) |
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Radios:
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8.2 million (1997) |
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Television broadcast stations:
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at least 7 (plus 13 repeaters) (1998) |
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Televisions:
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3.57 million (1997) |
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Internet country code:
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.vn |
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Internet Service Providers (ISPs):
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5 (2000) |
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Internet users:
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400,000 (2002) |
TRANSPORTATION
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Railways:
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total: 3,142 km
standard gauge: 209 km 1.435-m gauge narrow gauge: 2,625 km 1.000-m gauge dual gauge: 308 km three-rail track combining 1.435-m and 1.000-m gauges (2002) |
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Highways:
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total: 93,300 km
paved: 23,418 km unpaved: 69,882 km (1996) |
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Waterways:
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17,702 km
note: more than 5,149 km are navigable at all times by vessels up to 1.8 m draft |
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Pipelines:
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petroleum products 150 km |
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Ports and harbors:
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Cam Ranh, Da Nang, Haiphong, Ho Chi Minh City, Ha Long, Quy Nhon, Nha Trang, Vinh, Vung Tau |
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Merchant marine:
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total: 180 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 1,054,423 GRT/1,588,732 DWT
note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Cambodia 1, Japan 1, Singapore 1, UK 2 (2002 est.) ships by type: bulk 13, cargo 128, chemical tanker 1, combination bulk 1, container 9, liquefied gas 4, petroleum tanker 21, refrigerated cargo 3 |
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Airports:
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47 (2002) |
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Airports - with paved runways:
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total: 24
over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 4 1,524 to 2,437 m: 6 914 to 1,523 m: 7 under 914 m: 6 (2002) |
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Airports - with unpaved runways:
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total: 23
over 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 8 under 914 m: 12 (2002) |
MILITARY
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Military branches:
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People's Army of Vietnam (includes Ground Forces, People's Navy Command [including Naval Infantry], Air and Air Defense Force, Coast Guard) |
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Military manpower - military age:
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17 years of age (2003 est.) |
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Military manpower - availability:
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males age 15-49: 22,888,109 (2003 est.) |
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Military manpower - fit for military service:
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males age 15-49: 14,366,732 (2003 est.) |
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Military manpower - reaching military age annually:
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males: 871,036 (2003 est.) |
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Military expenditures - dollar figure:
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$650 million (FY98) |
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Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
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2.5% (FY98) |
TRANSNATIONAL ISSUES
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Disputes - international:
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demarcation of the land boundary with China continues, but maritime boundary and joint fishing zone agreement remains unratified; Cambodia and Laos protest Vietnamese squatters and armed encroachments along border; China occupies Paracel Islands also claimed by Vietnam and Taiwan; involved in a complex dispute over Spratly Islands with China, Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan, and possibly Brunei; claimants in November 2002 signed the "Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea", a mechanism to ease tension but which fell short of a legally binding "code of conduct" |
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Illicit drugs:
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minor producer of opium poppy; probable minor transit point for Southeast Asian heroin; domestic opium/heroin/methamphetamine addiction problems |